# /*

#  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

#  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as

#  * published by the Free Software Foundation;

#  *

#  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

#  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

#  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

#  * GNU General Public License for more details.

#  *

#  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

#  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

#  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

#  *

#  */

# 

#  This ns-3 example demonstrates the use of helper functions to ease 

#  the construction of simulation scenarios.  

#  

#  The simulation topology consists of a mixed wired and wireless

#  scenario in which a hierarchical mobility model is used.

# 

#  The simulation layout consists of N backbone routers interconnected

#  by an ad hoc wifi network.

#  Each backbone router also has a local 802.11 network and is connected

#  to a local LAN.  An additional set of(K-1) nodes are connected to

#  this backbone.  Finally, a local LAN is connected to each router

#  on the backbone, with L-1 additional hosts.  

# 

#  The nodes are populated with TCP/IP stacks, and OLSR unicast routing

#  on the backbone.  An example UDP transfer is shown.  The simulator

#  be configured to output tcpdumps or traces from different nodes.

# 

# 

#           +--------------------------------------------------------+

#           |                                                        |

#           |              802.11 ad hoc, ns-2 mobility              | 

#           |                                                        |

#           +--------------------------------------------------------+

#                    |       o o o(N backbone routers)       |

#                +--------+                               +--------+

#      wired LAN | mobile |                     wired LAN | mobile |

#     -----------| router |                    -----------| router |

#                ---------                                ---------

#                    |                                        |

#           +----------------+                       +----------------+

#           |     802.11     |                       |     802.11     |

#           |      net       |                       |       net      |

#           |   K-1 hosts    |                       |   K-1 hosts    |

#           +----------------+                       +----------------+

# 

import ns.applications

import ns.core

import ns.csma

import ns.internet

import ns.mobility

import ns.network

import ns.olsr

import ns.wifi

# # 

# #  This function will be used below as a trace sink

# #  

# static void

# CourseChangeCallback(std.string path, Ptr<const MobilityModel> model)

# {

#   Vector position = model.GetPosition();

#   std.cout << "CourseChange " << path << " x=" << position.x << ", y=" << position.y << ", z=" << position.z << std.endl;

# }

def main(argv): 

    # 

    #  First, we declare and initialize a few local variables that control some 

    #  simulation parameters.

    # 

    backboneNodes = 10

    infraNodes = 5

    lanNodes = 5

    stopTime = 10

    # 

    #  Simulation defaults are typically set next, before command line

    #  arguments are parsed.

    # 

    ns.core.Config.SetDefault("ns3::OnOffApplication::PacketSize", ns.core.StringValue("210"))

    ns.core.Config.SetDefault("ns3::OnOffApplication::DataRate", ns.core.StringValue("448kb/s"))

    # 

    #  For convenience, we add the local variables to the command line argument

    #  system so that they can be overridden with flags such as 

    #  "--backboneNodes=20"

    # 

    cmd = ns.core.CommandLine()

    #cmd.AddValue("backboneNodes", "number of backbone nodes", backboneNodes)

    #cmd.AddValue("infraNodes", "number of leaf nodes", infraNodes)

    #cmd.AddValue("lanNodes", "number of LAN nodes", lanNodes)

    #cmd.AddValue("stopTime", "simulation stop time(seconds)", stopTime)

    # 

    #  The system global variables and the local values added to the argument

    #  system can be overridden by command line arguments by using this call.

    # 

    cmd.Parse(argv)

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # / 

    #                                                                        # 

    #  Construct the backbone                                                # 

    #                                                                        # 

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # / 

    # 

    #  Create a container to manage the nodes of the adhoc(backbone) network.

    #  Later we'll create the rest of the nodes we'll need.

    # 

    backbone = ns.network.NodeContainer()

    backbone.Create(backboneNodes)

    # 

    #  Create the backbone wifi net devices and install them into the nodes in 

    #  our container

    # 

    wifi = ns.wifi.WifiHelper()

    mac = ns.wifi.NqosWifiMacHelper.Default()

    mac.SetType("ns3::AdhocWifiMac")

    wifi.SetRemoteStationManager("ns3::ConstantRateWifiManager",

                                  "DataMode", ns.core.StringValue("OfdmRate54Mbps"))

    wifiPhy = ns.wifi.YansWifiPhyHelper.Default()

    wifiChannel = ns.wifi.YansWifiChannelHelper.Default()

    wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create())

    backboneDevices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, mac, backbone)

    # 

    #  Add the IPv4 protocol stack to the nodes in our container

    # 

    print "Enabling OLSR routing on all backbone nodes"

    internet = ns.internet.InternetStackHelper()

    olsr = ns.olsr.OlsrHelper()

    internet.SetRoutingHelper(olsr); # has effect on the next Install ()

    internet.Install(backbone);

    # re-initialize for non-olsr routing.

    internet.Reset()

    # 

    #  Assign IPv4 addresses to the device drivers(actually to the associated

    #  IPv4 interfaces) we just created.

    # 

    ipAddrs = ns.internet.Ipv4AddressHelper()

    ipAddrs.SetBase(ns.network.Ipv4Address("192.168.0.0"), ns.network.Ipv4Mask("255.255.255.0"))

    ipAddrs.Assign(backboneDevices)

    # 

    #  The ad-hoc network nodes need a mobility model so we aggregate one to 

    #  each of the nodes we just finished building.  

    # 

    mobility = ns.mobility.MobilityHelper()

    positionAlloc = ns.mobility.ListPositionAllocator()

    x = 0.0

    for i in range(backboneNodes):

        positionAlloc.Add(ns.core.Vector(x, 0.0, 0.0))

        x += 5.0

    mobility.SetPositionAllocator(positionAlloc)

    mobility.SetMobilityModel("ns3::RandomDirection2dMobilityModel",

                               "Bounds", ns.mobility.RectangleValue(ns.mobility.Rectangle(0, 1000, 0, 1000)),

    mobility.Install(backbone)

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # / 

    #                                                                        # 

    #  Construct the LANs                                                    # 

    #                                                                        # 

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # / 

    #  Reset the address base-- all of the CSMA networks will be in

    #  the "172.16 address space

    ipAddrs.SetBase(ns.network.Ipv4Address("172.16.0.0"), ns.network.Ipv4Mask("255.255.255.0"))

    for i in range(backboneNodes):

        print "Configuring local area network for backbone node ", i

        # 

        #  Create a container to manage the nodes of the LAN.  We need

        #  two containers here; one with all of the new nodes, and one

        #  with all of the nodes including new and existing nodes

        # 

        newLanNodes = ns.network.NodeContainer()

        newLanNodes.Create(lanNodes - 1)

        #  Now, create the container with all nodes on this link

        lan = ns.network.NodeContainer(ns.network.NodeContainer(backbone.Get(i)), newLanNodes)

        # 

        #  Create the CSMA net devices and install them into the nodes in our 

        #  collection.

        # 

        csma = ns.csma.CsmaHelper()

        csma.SetChannelAttribute("DataRate", ns.network.DataRateValue(ns.network.DataRate(5000000)))

        csma.SetChannelAttribute("Delay", ns.core.TimeValue(ns.core.MilliSeconds(2)))

        lanDevices = csma.Install(lan)

        # 

        #  Add the IPv4 protocol stack to the new LAN nodes

        # 

        internet.Install(newLanNodes)

        # 

        #  Assign IPv4 addresses to the device drivers(actually to the 

        #  associated IPv4 interfaces) we just created.

        # 

        ipAddrs.Assign(lanDevices)

        # 

        #  Assign a new network prefix for the next LAN, according to the

        #  network mask initialized above

        # 

        ipAddrs.NewNetwork()

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # / 

    #                                                                        # 

    #  Construct the mobile networks                                         # 

    #                                                                        # 

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # / 

    #  Reset the address base-- all of the 802.11 networks will be in

    #  the "10.0" address space

    ipAddrs.SetBase(ns.network.Ipv4Address("10.0.0.0"), ns.network.Ipv4Mask("255.255.255.0"))

    for i in range(backboneNodes):

        print "Configuring wireless network for backbone node ", i

        # 

        #  Create a container to manage the nodes of the LAN.  We need

        #  two containers here; one with all of the new nodes, and one

        #  with all of the nodes including new and existing nodes

        # 

        stas = ns.network.NodeContainer()

        stas.Create(infraNodes - 1)

        #  Now, create the container with all nodes on this link

        infra = ns.network.NodeContainer(ns.network.NodeContainer(backbone.Get(i)), stas)

        # 

        #  Create another ad hoc network and devices

        # 

        ssid = ns.wifi.Ssid('wifi-infra' + str(i))

        wifiInfra = ns.wifi.WifiHelper.Default()

        wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create())

        wifiInfra.SetRemoteStationManager('ns3::ArfWifiManager')

        macInfra = ns.wifi.NqosWifiMacHelper.Default();

        macInfra.SetType("ns3::StaWifiMac",

                         "Ssid", ns.wifi.SsidValue(ssid),

                         "ActiveProbing", ns.core.BooleanValue(False))

        # setup stas

        staDevices = wifiInfra.Install(wifiPhy, macInfra, stas)

        # setup ap.

        macInfra.SetType("ns3::ApWifiMac",

                         "Ssid", ns.wifi.SsidValue(ssid),

                         "BeaconGeneration", ns.core.BooleanValue(True),

                         "BeaconInterval", ns.core.TimeValue(ns.core.Seconds(2.5)))

        apDevices = wifiInfra.Install(wifiPhy, macInfra, backbone.Get(i))

        # Collect all of these new devices

        infraDevices = ns.network.NetDeviceContainer(apDevices, staDevices)

        #  Add the IPv4 protocol stack to the nodes in our container

        # 

        internet.Install(stas)

        # 

        #  Assign IPv4 addresses to the device drivers(actually to the associated

        #  IPv4 interfaces) we just created.

        # 

        ipAddrs.Assign(infraDevices)

        # 

        #  Assign a new network prefix for each mobile network, according to 

        #  the network mask initialized above

        # 

        ipAddrs.NewNetwork()

        # 

        #  The new wireless nodes need a mobility model so we aggregate one 

        #  to each of the nodes we just finished building.

        # 

        subnetAlloc = ns.mobility.ListPositionAllocator()

        for j in range(infra.GetN()):

            subnetAlloc.Add(ns.core.Vector(0.0, j, 0.0))

        mobility.PushReferenceMobilityModel(backbone.Get(i))

        mobility.SetPositionAllocator(subnetAlloc)

        mobility.SetMobilityModel("ns3::RandomDirection2dMobilityModel",

                                  "Bounds", ns.mobility.RectangleValue(ns.mobility.Rectangle(-25, 25, -25, 25)),

        mobility.Install(infra)

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # / 

    #                                                                        # 

    #  Application configuration                                             # 

    #                                                                        # 

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # / 

    #  Create the OnOff application to send UDP datagrams of size

    #  210 bytes at a rate of 448 Kb/s, between two nodes

    print "Create Applications."

    port = 9   #  Discard port(RFC 863)

    #  Let's make sure that the user does not define too few LAN nodes

    #  to make this example work.  We need lanNodes >= 5

    assert(lanNodes >= 5)

    appSource = ns.network.NodeList.GetNode(11)

    appSink = ns.network.NodeList.GetNode(13)

    remoteAddr = ns.network.Ipv4Address("172.16.0.5")

    onoff = ns.applications.OnOffHelper("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", 

                            ns.network.Address(ns.network.InetSocketAddress(remoteAddr, port)))

    onoff.SetAttribute("OnTime", ns.core.StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]"))

    onoff.SetAttribute("OffTime", ns.core.StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]"))

    apps = onoff.Install(ns.network.NodeContainer(appSource))

    apps.Start(ns.core.Seconds(3.0))

    apps.Stop(ns.core.Seconds(20.0))

    #  Create a packet sink to receive these packets

    sink = ns.applications.PacketSinkHelper("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", 

                                ns.network.InetSocketAddress(ns.network.Ipv4Address.GetAny(), port))

    apps = sink.Install(ns.network.NodeContainer(appSink))

    apps.Start(ns.core.Seconds(3.0))

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # / 

    #                                                                        # 

    #  Tracing configuration                                                 # 

    #                                                                        # 

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # / 

    print "Configure Tracing."

    # 

    #  Let's set up some ns-2-like ascii traces, using another helper class

    # 

    #std.ofstream ascii

    #ascii = ns.core.AsciiTraceHelper();

    #stream = ascii.CreateFileStream("mixed-wireless.tr");

    #wifiPhy.EnableAsciiAll(stream);

    #csma.EnableAsciiAll(stream);

    print "(tracing not done for Python)"

    #  Look at nodes 11, 13 only

    # WifiHelper.EnableAscii(ascii, 11, 0); 

    # WifiHelper.EnableAscii(ascii, 13, 0); 

    #  Let's do a pcap trace on the backbone devices

    wifiPhy.EnablePcap("mixed-wireless", backboneDevices)

    #  Let's additionally trace the application Sink, ifIndex 0

    csma = ns.csma.CsmaHelper()

    csma.EnablePcapAll("mixed-wireless", False)

#   #ifdef ENABLE_FOR_TRACING_EXAMPLE

#     Config.Connect("/NodeList/*/$MobilityModel/CourseChange",

#       MakeCallback(&CourseChangeCallback))

#   #endif

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #  

    #                                                                        # 

    #  Run simulation                                                        # 

    #                                                                        # 

    # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #  

    print "Run Simulation."

    ns.core.Simulator.Stop(ns.core.Seconds(stopTime))

    ns.core.Simulator.Run()

    ns.core.Simulator.Destroy()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    import sys

    main(sys.argv)