/* -*- Mode:C++; c-basic-offset:4; tab-width:4; indent-tabs-mode:nil -*- */
/*
* Copyright (c) 2005,2006 INRIA
* All rights reserved.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation;
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*
* Author: Mathieu Lacage <mathieu.lacage@sophia.inria.fr>
*/
#ifndef PACKET_H
#define PACKET_H
#include <stdint.h>
#include "buffer.h"
#include "header.h"
#include "trailer.h"
#include "tags.h"
#include "ns3/callback.h"
namespace ns3 {
/**
* \brief network packets
*
* Each network packet contains a byte buffer and a list of tags.
* - The byte buffer stores the serialized content of the headers and trailers
* added to a packet. The serialized representation of these headers is expected
* to match that of real network packets bit for bit (although nothing
* forces you to do this) which means that the content of a packet buffer
* is expected to be that of a real packet.
* - The list of tags stores an arbitrarily large set of arbitrary
* user-provided data structures in the packet: only one instance of
* each type of data structure is allowed in a list of tags.
* These tags typically contain per-packet cross-layer information or
* flow identifiers. Each tag stored in the tag list can be at most
* 16 bytes big. Trying to attach bigger data structures will trigger
* crashes at runtime.
*
* Implementing a new type of Header for a new protocol is pretty easy
* and is a matter of creating a subclass of the ns3::Header base class,
* and implementing the 4 pure virtual methods defined in ns3::Header.
* Sample code which shows how to create such a new Header, how to use
* it, and how to manipulate tags is shown below:
* \include samples/main-packet.cc
*
* The current implementation of the byte buffers and tag list is based
* on COW (Copy On Write. An introduction to COW can be found in Scott
* Meyer's "More Effective C++", items 17 and 29). What this means is that
* copying packets without modifying them is very cheap (in terms of cpu
* and memory usage) and modifying them can be also very cheap. What is
* key for proper COW implementations is being
* able to detect when a given modification of the state of a packet triggers
* a full copy of the data prior to the modification: COW systems need
* to detect when an operation is "dirty".
*
* Dirty operations:
* - ns3::Packet::RemoveTag
* - ns3::Packet::Add
* - both versions of ns3::Packet::AddAtEnd
*
* Non-dirty operations:
* - ns3::Packet::AddTag
* - ns3::Packet::RemoveAllTags
* - ns3::Packet::PeekTag
* - ns3::Packet::Peek
* - ns3::Packet::Remove
* - ns3::Packet::CreateFragment
* - ns3::Packet::RemoveAtStart
* - ns3::Packet::RemoveAtEnd
*
* Dirty operations will always be slower than non-dirty operations,
* sometimes by several orders of magnitude. However, even the
* dirty operations have been optimized for common use-cases which
* means that most of the time, these operations will not trigger
* data copies and will thus be still very fast.
*/
class Packet {
public:
/**
* Create an empty packet with a new uid (as returned
* by getUid).
*/
Packet ();
/**
* Create a packet with a zero-filled payload.
* The memory necessary for the payload is not allocated:
* it will be allocated at any later point if you attempt
* to fragment this packet or to access the zero-filled
* bytes. The packet is allocated with a new uid (as
* returned by getUid).
*
* \param size the size of the zero-filled payload
*/
Packet (uint32_t size);
/**
* Create a new packet which contains a fragment of the original
* packet. The returned packet shares the same uid as this packet.
*
* \param start offset from start of packet to start of fragment to create
* \param length length of fragment to create
* \returns a fragment of the original packet
*/
Packet CreateFragment (uint32_t start, uint32_t length) const;
/**
* \returns the size in bytes of the packet (including the zero-filled
* initial payload)
*/
uint32_t GetSize (void) const;
/**
* Add header to this packet. This method invokes the
* ns3::Header::serializeTo method to request the header to serialize
* itself in the packet buffer.
*
* \param header a reference to the header to add to this packet.
*/
void Add (Header const &header);
/**
* Deserialize header from this packet. This method invokes the
* ns3::Header::deserializeFrom method to request the header to deserialize
* itself from the packet buffer. This method does not remove
* the data from the buffer. It merely reads it.
*
* \param header a reference to the header to deserialize from the buffer
*/
void Peek (Header &header);
/**
* Remove a deserialized header from the internal buffer.
* This method removes the bytes read by Packet::peek from
* the packet buffer.
*
* \param header a reference to the header to remove from the internal buffer.
*/
void Remove (Header const &header);
/**
* Add trailer to this packet. This method invokes the
* ns3::Trailer::serializeTo method to request the trailer to serialize
* itself in the packet buffer.
*
* \param trailer a reference to the trailer to add to this packet.
*/
void Add (Trailer const &trailer);
/**
* Deserialize trailer from this packet. This method invokes the
* ns3::Trailer::deserializeFrom method to request the trailer to deserialize
* itself from the packet buffer. This method does not remove
* the data from the buffer. It merely reads it.
*
* \param trailer a reference to the trailer to deserialize from the buffer
*/
void Peek (Trailer &trailer);
/**
* Remove a deserialized trailer from the internal buffer.
* This method removes the bytes read by Packet::peek from
* the packet buffer.
*
* \param trailer a reference to the trailer to remove from the internal buffer.
*/
void Remove (Trailer const &trailer);
/**
* Attach a tag to this packet. The tag is fully copied
* in a packet-specific internal buffer. This operation
* is expected to be really fast.
*
* \param tag a pointer to the tag to attach to this packet.
*/
template <typename T>
void AddTag (T const &tag);
/**
* Remove a tag from this packet. The data stored internally
* for this tag is copied in the input tag if an instance
* of this tag type is present in the internal buffer. If this
* tag type is not present, the input tag is not modified.
*
* This operation can be potentially slow and might trigger
* unexpectedly large memory allocations. It is thus
* usually a better idea to create a copy of this packet,
* and invoke removeAllTags on the copy to remove all
* tags rather than remove the tags one by one from a packet.
*
* \param tag a pointer to the tag to remove from this packet
* \returns true if an instance of this tag type is stored
* in this packet, false otherwise.
*/
template <typename T>
bool RemoveTag (T &tag);
/**
* Copy a tag stored internally to the input tag. If no instance
* of this tag is present internally, the input tag is not modified.
*
* \param tag a pointer to the tag to read from this packet
* \returns true if an instance of this tag type is stored
* in this packet, false otherwise.
*/
template <typename T>
bool PeekTag (T &tag) const;
/**
* Remove all the tags stored in this packet. This operation is
* much much faster than invoking removeTag n times.
*/
void RemoveAllTags (void);
/**
* Concatenate the input packet at the end of the current
* packet. This does not alter the uid of either packet.
*
* \param packet packet to concatenate
*/
void AddAtEnd (Packet packet);
/**
* Concatenate the fragment of the input packet identified
* by the offset and size parameters at the end of the current
* packet. This does not alter the uid of either packet.
*
* \param packet to concatenate
* \param offset offset of fragment to copy from the start of the input packet
* \param size size of fragment of input packet to copy.
*/
void AddAtEnd (Packet packet, uint32_t offset, uint32_t size);
/**
* Remove size bytes from the end of the current packet
* It is safe to remove more bytes that what is present in
* the packet.
*
* \param size number of bytes from remove
*/
void RemoveAtEnd (uint32_t size);
/**
* Remove size bytes from the start of the current packet.
* It is safe to remove more bytes that what is present in
* the packet.
*
* \param size number of bytes from remove
*/
void RemoveAtStart (uint32_t size);
/**
* If you try to change the content of the buffer
* returned by this method, you will die.
*
* \returns a pointer to the internal buffer of the packet.
*/
uint8_t const *PeekData (void) const;
/**
* A packet is allocated a new uid when it is created
* empty or with zero-filled payload.
*
* \returns an integer identifier which uniquely
* identifies this packet.
*/
uint32_t GetUid (void) const;
private:
Packet (Buffer buffer, Tags tags, uint32_t uid);
Buffer m_buffer;
Tags m_tags;
uint32_t m_uid;
static uint32_t m_global_uid;
};
}; // namespace ns3
/**************************************************
Start of implementation of templates defined
above
*************************************************/
namespace ns3 {
template <typename T>
void Packet::AddTag (T const& tag)
{
m_tags.Add (tag);
}
template <typename T>
bool Packet::RemoveTag (T & tag)
{
return m_tags.Remove (tag);
}
template <typename T>
bool Packet::PeekTag (T & tag) const
{
return m_tags.Peek (tag);
}
}; // namespace ns3
#endif /* PACKET_H */