src/routing/dsdv/model/dsdv-routing-protocol.cc
changeset 6717 e041eb593928
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/routing/dsdv/model/dsdv-routing-protocol.cc	Tue Dec 21 22:43:06 2010 -0800
@@ -0,0 +1,1180 @@
+/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 Hemanth Narra, Yufei Cheng
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation;
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ * Author: Hemanth Narra <hemanth@ittc.ku.com>
+ * Author: Yufei Cheng   <yfcheng@ittc.ku.edu>
+ *
+ * James P.G. Sterbenz <jpgs@ittc.ku.edu>, director
+ * ResiliNets Research Group  http://wiki.ittc.ku.edu/resilinets
+ * Information and Telecommunication Technology Center (ITTC)
+ * and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
+ * The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS USA.
+ *
+ * Work supported in part by NSF FIND (Future Internet Design) Program
+ * under grant CNS-0626918 (Postmodern Internet Architecture),
+ * NSF grant CNS-1050226 (Multilayer Network Resilience Analysis and Experimentation on GENI),
+ * US Department of Defense (DoD), and ITTC at The University of Kansas.
+ */
+
+#include "dsdv-routing-protocol.h"
+#include "ns3/log.h"
+#include "ns3/random-variable.h"
+#include "ns3/inet-socket-address.h"
+#include "ns3/trace-source-accessor.h"
+#include "ns3/udp-socket-factory.h"
+#include "ns3/wifi-net-device.h"
+#include "ns3/boolean.h"
+#include "ns3/double.h"
+#include "ns3/uinteger.h"
+
+NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("DsdvRoutingProtocol");
+
+namespace ns3 {
+namespace dsdv {
+NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED (RoutingProtocol);
+
+// / UDP Port for DSDV control traffic
+const uint32_t RoutingProtocol::DSDV_PORT = 269;
+
+// / Tag used by DSDV implementation
+struct DeferredRouteOutputTag : public Tag
+{
+  // / Positive if output device is fixed in RouteOutput
+  int32_t oif;
+
+  DeferredRouteOutputTag (int32_t o = -1)
+    : Tag (),
+      oif (o)
+  {
+  }
+
+  static TypeId
+  GetTypeId ()
+  {
+    static TypeId tid = TypeId ("ns3::dsdv::DeferredRouteOutputTag").SetParent<Tag> ();
+    return tid;
+  }
+
+  TypeId
+  GetInstanceTypeId () const
+  {
+    return GetTypeId ();
+  }
+
+  uint32_t
+  GetSerializedSize () const
+  {
+    return sizeof(int32_t);
+  }
+
+  void
+  Serialize (TagBuffer i) const
+  {
+    i.WriteU32 (oif);
+  }
+
+  void
+  Deserialize (TagBuffer i)
+  {
+    oif = i.ReadU32 ();
+  }
+
+  void
+  Print (std::ostream &os) const
+  {
+    os << "DeferredRouteOutputTag: output interface = " << oif;
+  }
+};
+
+TypeId
+RoutingProtocol::GetTypeId (void)
+{
+  static TypeId tid = TypeId ("ns3::dsdv::RoutingProtocol")
+    .SetParent<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> ()
+    .AddConstructor<RoutingProtocol> ()
+    .AddAttribute ("PeriodicUpdateInterval","Periodic interval between exchange of full routing tables among nodes. ",
+                   TimeValue (Seconds (15)),
+                   MakeTimeAccessor (&RoutingProtocol::m_periodicUpdateInterval),
+                   MakeTimeChecker ())
+    .AddAttribute ("SettlingTime", "Minimum time an update is to be stored in adv table before sending out"
+                   "in case of change in metric (in seconds)",
+                   TimeValue (Seconds (5)),
+                   MakeTimeAccessor (&RoutingProtocol::m_settlingTime),
+                   MakeTimeChecker ())
+    .AddAttribute ("MaxQueueLen", "Maximum number of packets that we allow a routing protocol to buffer.",
+                   UintegerValue (500 /*assuming maximum nodes in simulation is 100*/),
+                   MakeUintegerAccessor (&RoutingProtocol::m_maxQueueLen),
+                   MakeUintegerChecker<uint32_t> ())
+    .AddAttribute ("MaxQueuedPacketsPerDst", "Maximum number of packets that we allow per destination to buffer.",
+                   UintegerValue (5),
+                   MakeUintegerAccessor (&RoutingProtocol::m_maxQueuedPacketsPerDst),
+                   MakeUintegerChecker<uint32_t> ())
+    .AddAttribute ("MaxQueueTime","Maximum time packets can be queued (in seconds)",
+                   TimeValue (Seconds (30)),
+                   MakeTimeAccessor (&RoutingProtocol::m_maxQueueTime),
+                   MakeTimeChecker ())
+    .AddAttribute ("EnableBuffering","Enables buffering of data packets if no route to destination is available",
+                   BooleanValue (true),
+                   MakeBooleanAccessor (&RoutingProtocol::SetEnableBufferFlag,
+                                        &RoutingProtocol::GetEnableBufferFlag),
+                   MakeBooleanChecker ())
+    .AddAttribute ("EnableWST","Enables Weighted Settling Time for the updates before advertising",
+                   BooleanValue (true),
+                   MakeBooleanAccessor (&RoutingProtocol::SetWSTFlag,
+                                        &RoutingProtocol::GetWSTFlag),
+                   MakeBooleanChecker ())
+    .AddAttribute ("Holdtimes","Times the forwarding Interval to purge the route.",
+                   UintegerValue (3),
+                   MakeUintegerAccessor (&RoutingProtocol::Holdtimes),
+                   MakeUintegerChecker<uint32_t> ())
+    .AddAttribute ("WeightedFactor","WeightedFactor for the settling time if Weighted Settling Time is enabled",
+                   DoubleValue (0.875),
+                   MakeDoubleAccessor (&RoutingProtocol::m_weightedFactor),
+                   MakeDoubleChecker<double> ())
+    .AddAttribute ("EnableRouteAggregation","Enables Weighted Settling Time for the updates before advertising",
+                   BooleanValue (false),
+                   MakeBooleanAccessor (&RoutingProtocol::SetEnableRAFlag,
+                                        &RoutingProtocol::GetEnableRAFlag),
+                   MakeBooleanChecker ())
+    .AddAttribute ("RouteAggregationTime","Time to aggregate updates before sending them out (in seconds)",
+                   TimeValue (Seconds (1)),
+                   MakeTimeAccessor (&RoutingProtocol::m_routeAggregationTime),
+                   MakeTimeChecker ());
+  return tid;
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::SetEnableBufferFlag (bool f)
+{
+  EnableBuffering = f;
+}
+bool
+RoutingProtocol::GetEnableBufferFlag () const
+{
+  return EnableBuffering;
+}
+void
+RoutingProtocol::SetWSTFlag (bool f)
+{
+  EnableWST = f;
+}
+bool
+RoutingProtocol::GetWSTFlag () const
+{
+  return EnableWST;
+}
+void
+RoutingProtocol::SetEnableRAFlag (bool f)
+{
+  EnableRouteAggregation = f;
+}
+bool
+RoutingProtocol::GetEnableRAFlag () const
+{
+  return EnableRouteAggregation;
+}
+
+RoutingProtocol::RoutingProtocol ()
+  : m_routingTable (),
+    m_advRoutingTable (),
+    m_queue (),
+    m_periodicUpdateTimer (Timer::CANCEL_ON_DESTROY)
+{
+}
+
+RoutingProtocol::~RoutingProtocol ()
+{
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::DoDispose ()
+{
+  m_ipv4 = 0;
+  for (std::map<Ptr<Socket>, Ipv4InterfaceAddress>::iterator iter = m_socketAddresses.begin (); iter
+       != m_socketAddresses.end (); iter++)
+    {
+      iter->first->Close ();
+    }
+  m_socketAddresses.clear ();
+  Ipv4RoutingProtocol::DoDispose ();
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::PrintRoutingTable (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream) const
+{
+  *stream->GetStream () << "Node: " << m_ipv4->GetObject<Node> ()->GetId () << " Time: " << Simulator::Now ().GetSeconds () << "s ";
+  m_routingTable.Print (stream);
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::Start ()
+{
+  m_queue.SetMaxPacketsPerDst (m_maxQueuedPacketsPerDst);
+  m_queue.SetMaxQueueLen (m_maxQueueLen);
+  m_queue.SetQueueTimeout (m_maxQueueTime);
+  m_routingTable.Setholddowntime (Scalar (Holdtimes) * m_periodicUpdateInterval);
+  m_advRoutingTable.Setholddowntime (Scalar (Holdtimes) * m_periodicUpdateInterval);
+  m_scb = MakeCallback (&RoutingProtocol::Send,this);
+  m_ecb = MakeCallback (&RoutingProtocol::Drop,this);
+  m_periodicUpdateTimer.SetFunction (&RoutingProtocol::SendPeriodicUpdate,this);
+  m_periodicUpdateTimer.Schedule (MicroSeconds (UniformVariable ().GetInteger (0,1000)));
+}
+
+Ptr<Ipv4Route>
+RoutingProtocol::RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p,
+                              const Ipv4Header &header,
+                              Ptr<NetDevice> oif,
+                              Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr)
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << header << (oif ? oif->GetIfIndex () : 0));
+
+  if (!p)
+    {
+      return LoopbackRoute (header,oif);
+    }
+  if (m_socketAddresses.empty ())
+    {
+      sockerr = Socket::ERROR_NOROUTETOHOST;
+      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("No dsdv interfaces");
+      Ptr<Ipv4Route> route;
+      return route;
+    }
+  std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry> removedAddresses;
+  sockerr = Socket::ERROR_NOTERROR;
+  Ptr<Ipv4Route> route;
+  Ipv4Address dst = header.GetDestination ();
+  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Packet Size: " << p->GetSize ()
+                                << ", Packet id: " << p->GetUid () << ", Destination address in Packet: " << dst);
+  RoutingTableEntry rt;
+  m_routingTable.Purge (removedAddresses);
+  for (std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry>::iterator rmItr = removedAddresses.begin ();
+       rmItr != removedAddresses.end (); ++rmItr)
+    {
+      rmItr->second.SetEntriesChanged (true);
+      rmItr->second.SetSeqNo (rmItr->second.GetSeqNo () + 1);
+      m_advRoutingTable.AddRoute (rmItr->second);
+    }
+  if (!removedAddresses.empty ())
+    {
+      Simulator::Schedule (MicroSeconds (UniformVariable ().GetInteger (0,1000)),&RoutingProtocol::SendTriggeredUpdate,this);
+    }
+  if (m_routingTable.LookupRoute (dst,rt))
+    {
+      if (EnableBuffering)
+        {
+          LookForQueuedPackets ();
+        }
+      if (rt.GetHop () == 1)
+        {
+          route = rt.GetRoute ();
+          NS_ASSERT (route != 0);
+          NS_LOG_DEBUG ("A route exists from " << route->GetSource ()
+                                               << " to neighboring destination "
+                                               << route->GetDestination ());
+          if (oif != 0 && route->GetOutputDevice () != oif)
+            {
+              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Output device doesn't match. Dropped.");
+              sockerr = Socket::ERROR_NOROUTETOHOST;
+              return Ptr<Ipv4Route> ();
+            }
+          return route;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          RoutingTableEntry newrt;
+          if (m_routingTable.LookupRoute (rt.GetNextHop (),newrt))
+            {
+              route = newrt.GetRoute ();
+              NS_ASSERT (route != 0);
+              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("A route exists from " << route->GetSource ()
+                                                   << " to destination " << dst << " via "
+                                                   << rt.GetNextHop ());
+              if (oif != 0 && route->GetOutputDevice () != oif)
+                {
+                  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Output device doesn't match. Dropped.");
+                  sockerr = Socket::ERROR_NOROUTETOHOST;
+                  return Ptr<Ipv4Route> ();
+                }
+              return route;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (EnableBuffering)
+    {
+      uint32_t iif = (oif ? m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForDevice (oif) : -1);
+      DeferredRouteOutputTag tag (iif);
+      if (!p->PeekPacketTag (tag))
+        {
+          p->AddPacketTag (tag);
+        }
+    }
+  return LoopbackRoute (header,oif);
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::DeferredRouteOutput (Ptr<const Packet> p,
+                                      const Ipv4Header & header,
+                                      UnicastForwardCallback ucb,
+                                      ErrorCallback ecb)
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << p << header);
+  NS_ASSERT (p != 0 && p != Ptr<Packet> ());
+  QueueEntry newEntry (p,header,ucb,ecb);
+  bool result = m_queue.Enqueue (newEntry);
+  if (result)
+    {
+      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Added packet " << p->GetUid () << " to queue.");
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+RoutingProtocol::RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p,
+                             const Ipv4Header &header,
+                             Ptr<const NetDevice> idev,
+                             UnicastForwardCallback ucb,
+                             MulticastForwardCallback mcb,
+                             LocalDeliverCallback lcb,
+                             ErrorCallback ecb)
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (m_mainAddress << " received packet " << p->GetUid ()
+                                 << " from " << header.GetSource ()
+                                 << " on interface " << idev->GetAddress ()
+                                 << " to destination " << header.GetDestination ());
+  if (m_socketAddresses.empty ())
+    {
+      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("No dsdv interfaces");
+      return false;
+    }
+  NS_ASSERT (m_ipv4 != 0);
+  // Check if input device supports IP
+  NS_ASSERT (m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForDevice (idev) >= 0);
+  int32_t iif = m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForDevice (idev);
+
+  Ipv4Address dst = header.GetDestination ();
+  Ipv4Address origin = header.GetSource ();
+
+  // Deferred route request
+  if (EnableBuffering == true && idev == m_lo)
+    {
+      DeferredRouteOutputTag tag;
+      if (p->PeekPacketTag (tag))
+        {
+          DeferredRouteOutput (p,header,ucb,ecb);
+          return true;
+        }
+    }
+  for (std::map<Ptr<Socket>, Ipv4InterfaceAddress>::const_iterator j =
+         m_socketAddresses.begin (); j != m_socketAddresses.end (); ++j)
+    {
+      Ipv4InterfaceAddress iface = j->second;
+      if (origin == iface.GetLocal ())
+        {
+          return true;
+        }
+    }
+  // LOCAL DELIVARY TO DSDV INTERFACES
+  for (std::map<Ptr<Socket>, Ipv4InterfaceAddress>::const_iterator j = m_socketAddresses.begin (); j
+       != m_socketAddresses.end (); ++j)
+    {
+      Ipv4InterfaceAddress iface = j->second;
+      if (m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForAddress (iface.GetLocal ()) == iif)
+        {
+          if (dst == iface.GetBroadcast () || dst.IsBroadcast ())
+            {
+              NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Broadcast local delivery to " << iface.GetLocal ());
+              Ptr<Packet> packet = p->Copy ();
+              lcb (p,header,iif);
+              if (header.GetTtl () > 1)
+                {
+                  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Forward broadcast. TTL " << (uint16_t) header.GetTtl ());
+                  RoutingTableEntry toBroadcast;
+                  if (m_routingTable.LookupRoute (dst,toBroadcast,true))
+                    {
+                      Ptr<Ipv4Route> route = toBroadcast.GetRoute ();
+                      ucb (route,packet,header);
+                    }
+                  else
+                    {
+                      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("No route to forward. Drop packet " << p->GetUid ());
+                    }
+                }
+              return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (m_ipv4->IsDestinationAddress (dst, iif))
+    {
+      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Unicast local delivery to " << dst);
+      lcb (p, header, iif);
+      return true;
+    }
+  RoutingTableEntry toDst;
+  if (m_routingTable.LookupRoute (dst,toDst))
+    {
+      RoutingTableEntry ne;
+      if (m_routingTable.LookupRoute (toDst.GetNextHop (),ne))
+        {
+          Ptr<Ipv4Route> route = ne.GetRoute ();
+          NS_LOG_LOGIC (m_mainAddress << " is forwarding packet " << p->GetUid ()
+                                      << " to " << dst
+                                      << " from " << header.GetSource ()
+                                      << " via nexthop neighbor " << toDst.GetNextHop ());
+          ucb (route,p,header);
+          return true;
+        }
+    }
+  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Drop packet " << p->GetUid ()
+                               << " as there is no route to forward it.");
+  return false;
+}
+
+Ptr<Ipv4Route>
+RoutingProtocol::LoopbackRoute (const Ipv4Header & hdr, Ptr<NetDevice> oif) const
+{
+  NS_ASSERT (m_lo != 0);
+  Ptr<Ipv4Route> rt = Create<Ipv4Route> ();
+  rt->SetDestination (hdr.GetDestination ());
+  // rt->SetSource (hdr.GetSource ());
+  //
+  // Source address selection here is tricky.  The loopback route is
+  // returned when DSDV does not have a route; this causes the packet
+  // to be looped back and handled (cached) in RouteInput() method
+  // while a route is found. However, connection-oriented protocols
+  // like TCP need to create an endpoint four-tuple (src, src port,
+  // dst, dst port) and create a pseudo-header for checksumming.  So,
+  // DSDV needs to guess correctly what the eventual source address
+  // will be.
+  //
+  // For single interface, single address nodes, this is not a problem.
+  // When there are possibly multiple outgoing interfaces, the policy
+  // implemented here is to pick the first available DSDV interface.
+  // If RouteOutput() caller specified an outgoing interface, that
+  // further constrains the selection of source address
+  //
+  std::map<Ptr<Socket>, Ipv4InterfaceAddress>::const_iterator j = m_socketAddresses.begin ();
+  if (oif)
+    {
+      // Iterate to find an address on the oif device
+      for (j = m_socketAddresses.begin (); j != m_socketAddresses.end (); ++j)
+        {
+          Ipv4Address addr = j->second.GetLocal ();
+          int32_t interface = m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForAddress (addr);
+          if (oif == m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (static_cast<uint32_t> (interface)))
+            {
+              rt->SetSource (addr);
+              break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      rt->SetSource (j->second.GetLocal ());
+    }
+  NS_ASSERT_MSG (rt->GetSource () != Ipv4Address (), "Valid DSDV source address not found");
+  rt->SetGateway (Ipv4Address ("127.0.0.1"));
+  rt->SetOutputDevice (m_lo);
+  return rt;
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::RecvDsdv (Ptr<Socket> socket)
+{
+  Address sourceAddress;
+  Ptr<Packet> advpacket = Create<Packet> ();
+  Ptr<Packet> packet = socket->RecvFrom (sourceAddress);
+  InetSocketAddress inetSourceAddr = InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom (sourceAddress);
+  Ipv4Address sender = inetSourceAddr.GetIpv4 ();
+  Ipv4Address receiver = m_socketAddresses[socket].GetLocal ();
+  Ptr<NetDevice> dev = m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForAddress (receiver));
+  uint32_t packetSize = packet->GetSize ();
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (m_mainAddress << " received dsdv packet of size: " << packetSize
+                                 << " and packet id: " << packet->GetUid ());
+  uint32_t count = 0;
+  for (; packetSize > 0; packetSize = packetSize - 12)
+    {
+      count = 0;
+      DsdvHeader dsdvHeader, tempDsdvHeader;
+      packet->RemoveHeader (dsdvHeader);
+      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Processing new update for " << dsdvHeader.GetDst ());
+      /*Verifying if the packets sent by me were returned back to me. If yes, discarding them!*/
+      for (std::map<Ptr<Socket>, Ipv4InterfaceAddress>::const_iterator j = m_socketAddresses.begin (); j
+           != m_socketAddresses.end (); ++j)
+        {
+          Ipv4InterfaceAddress interface = j->second;
+          if (dsdvHeader.GetDst () == interface.GetLocal ())
+            {
+              if (dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno () % 2 == 1)
+                {
+                  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Sent Dsdv update back to the same Destination, "
+                                "with infinite metric. Time left to send fwd update: "
+                                << m_periodicUpdateTimer.GetDelayLeft ());
+                  count++;
+                }
+              else
+                {
+                  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Received update for my address. Discarding this.");
+                  count++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+      if (count > 0)
+        {
+          continue;
+        }
+      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Received a DSDV packet from "
+                    << sender << " to " << receiver << ". Details are: Destination: " << dsdvHeader.GetDst () << ", Seq No: "
+                    << dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno () << ", HopCount: " << dsdvHeader.GetHopCount ());
+      RoutingTableEntry fwdTableEntry, advTableEntry;
+      EventId event;
+      bool permanentTableVerifier = m_routingTable.LookupRoute (dsdvHeader.GetDst (),fwdTableEntry);
+      if (permanentTableVerifier == false)
+        {
+          if (dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno () % 2 != 1)
+            {
+              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Received New Route!");
+              RoutingTableEntry newEntry (
+                /*device=*/ dev, /*dst=*/
+                dsdvHeader.GetDst (), /*seqno=*/
+                dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno (),
+                /*iface=*/ m_ipv4->GetAddress (m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForAddress (receiver), 0),
+                /*hops=*/ dsdvHeader.GetHopCount (), /*next hop=*/
+                sender, /*lifetime=*/
+                Simulator::Now (), /*settlingTime*/
+                m_settlingTime, /*entries changed*/
+                true);
+              newEntry.SetFlag (VALID);
+              m_routingTable.AddRoute (newEntry);
+              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("New Route added to both tables");
+              m_advRoutingTable.AddRoute (newEntry);
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              // received update not present in main routing table and also with infinite metric
+              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Discarding this update as this route is not present in "
+                            "main routing table and received with infinite metric");
+            }
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          if (!m_advRoutingTable.LookupRoute (dsdvHeader.GetDst (),advTableEntry))
+            {
+              RoutingTableEntry tr;
+              std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry> allRoutes;
+              m_advRoutingTable.GetListOfAllRoutes (allRoutes);
+              for (std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry>::const_iterator i = allRoutes.begin (); i != allRoutes.end (); ++i)
+                {
+                  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("ADV table routes are:" << i->second.GetDestination ());
+                }
+              // present in fwd table and not in advtable
+              m_advRoutingTable.AddRoute (fwdTableEntry);
+              m_advRoutingTable.LookupRoute (dsdvHeader.GetDst (),advTableEntry);
+            }
+          if (dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno () % 2 != 1)
+            {
+              if (dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno () > advTableEntry.GetSeqNo ())
+                {
+                  // Received update with better seq number. Clear any old events that are running
+                  if (m_advRoutingTable.ForceDeleteIpv4Event (dsdvHeader.GetDst ()))
+                    {
+                      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Canceling the timer to update route with better seq number");
+                    }
+                  // if its a changed metric *nomatter* where the update came from, wait  for WST
+                  if (dsdvHeader.GetHopCount () != advTableEntry.GetHop ())
+                    {
+                      advTableEntry.SetSeqNo (dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno ());
+                      advTableEntry.SetLifeTime (Simulator::Now ());
+                      advTableEntry.SetFlag (VALID);
+                      advTableEntry.SetEntriesChanged (true);
+                      advTableEntry.SetNextHop (sender);
+                      advTableEntry.SetHop (dsdvHeader.GetHopCount ());
+                      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Received update with better sequence number and changed metric.Waiting for WST");
+                      Time tempSettlingtime = GetSettlingTime (dsdvHeader.GetDst ());
+                      advTableEntry.SetSettlingTime (tempSettlingtime);
+                      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Added Settling Time:" << tempSettlingtime.GetSeconds ()
+                                                           << "s as there is no event running for this route");
+                      event = Simulator::Schedule (tempSettlingtime,&RoutingProtocol::SendTriggeredUpdate,this);
+                      m_advRoutingTable.AddIpv4Event (dsdvHeader.GetDst (),event);
+                      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("EventCreated EventUID: " << event.GetUid ());
+                      // if received changed metric, use it but adv it only after wst
+                      m_routingTable.Update (advTableEntry);
+                      m_advRoutingTable.Update (advTableEntry);
+                    }
+                  else
+                    {
+                      // Received update with better seq number and same metric.
+                      advTableEntry.SetSeqNo (dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno ());
+                      advTableEntry.SetLifeTime (Simulator::Now ());
+                      advTableEntry.SetFlag (VALID);
+                      advTableEntry.SetEntriesChanged (true);
+                      advTableEntry.SetNextHop (sender);
+                      advTableEntry.SetHop (dsdvHeader.GetHopCount ());
+                      m_advRoutingTable.Update (advTableEntry);
+                      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Route with better sequence number and same metric received. Advertised without WST");
+                    }
+                }
+              else if (dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno () == advTableEntry.GetSeqNo ())
+                {
+                  if (dsdvHeader.GetHopCount () < advTableEntry.GetHop ())
+                    {
+                      /*Received update with same seq number and better hop count.
+                       * As the metric is changed, we will have to wait for WST before sending out this update.
+                       */
+                      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Canceling any existing timer to update route with same sequence number "
+                                    "and better hop count");
+                      m_advRoutingTable.ForceDeleteIpv4Event (dsdvHeader.GetDst ());
+                      advTableEntry.SetSeqNo (dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno ());
+                      advTableEntry.SetLifeTime (Simulator::Now ());
+                      advTableEntry.SetFlag (VALID);
+                      advTableEntry.SetEntriesChanged (true);
+                      advTableEntry.SetNextHop (sender);
+                      advTableEntry.SetHop (dsdvHeader.GetHopCount ());
+                      Time tempSettlingtime = GetSettlingTime (dsdvHeader.GetDst ());
+                      advTableEntry.SetSettlingTime (tempSettlingtime);
+                      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Added Settling Time," << tempSettlingtime.GetSeconds ()
+                                                           << " as there is no current event running for this route");
+                      event = Simulator::Schedule (tempSettlingtime,&RoutingProtocol::SendTriggeredUpdate,this);
+                      m_advRoutingTable.AddIpv4Event (dsdvHeader.GetDst (),event);
+                      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("EventCreated EventUID: " << event.GetUid ());
+                      // if received changed metric, use it but adv it only after wst
+                      m_routingTable.Update (advTableEntry);
+                      m_advRoutingTable.Update (advTableEntry);
+                    }
+                  else
+                    {
+                      /*Received update with same seq number but with same or greater hop count.
+                       * Discard that update.
+                       */
+                      if (not m_advRoutingTable.AnyRunningEvent (dsdvHeader.GetDst ()))
+                        {
+                          /*update the timer only if nexthop address matches thus discarding
+                           * updates to that destination from other nodes.
+                           */
+                          if (advTableEntry.GetNextHop () == sender)
+                            {
+                              advTableEntry.SetLifeTime (Simulator::Now ());
+                              m_routingTable.Update (advTableEntry);
+                            }
+                          m_advRoutingTable.DeleteRoute (
+                            dsdvHeader.GetDst ());
+                        }
+                      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Received update with same seq number and "
+                                    "same/worst metric for, " << dsdvHeader.GetDst () << ". Discarding the update.");
+                    }
+                }
+              else
+                {
+                  // Received update with an old sequence number. Discard the update
+                  if (not m_advRoutingTable.AnyRunningEvent (dsdvHeader.GetDst ()))
+                    {
+                      m_advRoutingTable.DeleteRoute (dsdvHeader.GetDst ());
+                    }
+                  NS_LOG_DEBUG (dsdvHeader.GetDst () << " : Received update with old seq number. Discarding the update.");
+                }
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Route with infinite metric received for "
+                            << dsdvHeader.GetDst () << " from " << sender);
+              // Delete route only if update was received from my nexthop neighbor
+              if (sender == advTableEntry.GetNextHop ())
+                {
+                  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Triggering an update for this unreachable route:");
+                  std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry> dstsWithNextHopSrc;
+                  m_routingTable.GetListOfDestinationWithNextHop (dsdvHeader.GetDst (),dstsWithNextHopSrc);
+                  m_routingTable.DeleteRoute (dsdvHeader.GetDst ());
+                  advTableEntry.SetSeqNo (dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno ());
+                  advTableEntry.SetEntriesChanged (true);
+                  m_advRoutingTable.Update (advTableEntry);
+                  for (std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry>::iterator i = dstsWithNextHopSrc.begin (); i
+                       != dstsWithNextHopSrc.end (); ++i)
+                    {
+                      i->second.SetSeqNo (i->second.GetSeqNo () + 1);
+                      i->second.SetEntriesChanged (true);
+                      m_advRoutingTable.AddRoute (i->second);
+                      m_routingTable.DeleteRoute (i->second.GetDestination ());
+                    }
+                }
+              else
+                {
+                  if (not m_advRoutingTable.AnyRunningEvent (dsdvHeader.GetDst ()))
+                    {
+                      m_advRoutingTable.DeleteRoute (dsdvHeader.GetDst ());
+                    }
+                  NS_LOG_DEBUG (dsdvHeader.GetDst () <<
+                                " : Discard this link break update as it was received from a different neighbor "
+                                "and I can reach the destination");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry> allRoutes;
+  m_advRoutingTable.GetListOfAllRoutes (allRoutes);
+  if (EnableRouteAggregation && allRoutes.size () > 0)
+    {
+      Simulator::Schedule (m_routeAggregationTime,&RoutingProtocol::SendTriggeredUpdate,this);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      Simulator::Schedule (MicroSeconds (UniformVariable ().GetInteger (0,1000)),&RoutingProtocol::SendTriggeredUpdate,this);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::SendTriggeredUpdate ()
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (m_mainAddress << " is sending a triggered update");
+  std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry> allRoutes;
+  m_advRoutingTable.GetListOfAllRoutes (allRoutes);
+  for (std::map<Ptr<Socket>, Ipv4InterfaceAddress>::const_iterator j = m_socketAddresses.begin (); j
+       != m_socketAddresses.end (); ++j)
+    {
+      DsdvHeader dsdvHeader;
+      Ptr<Socket> socket = j->first;
+      Ipv4InterfaceAddress iface = j->second;
+      Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet> ();
+      for (std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry>::const_iterator i = allRoutes.begin (); i != allRoutes.end (); ++i)
+        {
+          NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Destination: " << i->second.GetDestination ()
+                                        << " SeqNo:" << i->second.GetSeqNo () << " HopCount:"
+                                        << i->second.GetHop () + 1);
+          RoutingTableEntry temp = i->second;
+          if ((i->second.GetEntriesChanged () == true) && (not m_advRoutingTable.AnyRunningEvent (temp.GetDestination ())))
+            {
+              dsdvHeader.SetDst (i->second.GetDestination ());
+              dsdvHeader.SetDstSeqno (i->second.GetSeqNo ());
+              dsdvHeader.SetHopCount (i->second.GetHop () + 1);
+              temp.SetFlag (VALID);
+              temp.SetEntriesChanged (false);
+              m_advRoutingTable.DeleteIpv4Event (temp.GetDestination ());
+              if (!(temp.GetSeqNo () % 2))
+                {
+                  m_routingTable.Update (temp);
+                }
+              packet->AddHeader (dsdvHeader);
+              m_advRoutingTable.DeleteRoute (temp.GetDestination ());
+              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Deleted this route from the advertised table");
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              EventId event = m_advRoutingTable.GetEventId (temp.GetDestination ());
+              NS_ASSERT (event.GetUid () != 0);
+              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("EventID " << event.GetUid () << " associated with "
+                                       << temp.GetDestination () << " has not expired, waiting in adv table");
+            }
+        }
+      if (packet->GetSize () >= 12)
+        {
+          RoutingTableEntry temp2;
+          m_routingTable.LookupRoute (m_ipv4->GetAddress (1, 0).GetBroadcast (), temp2);
+          dsdvHeader.SetDst (m_ipv4->GetAddress (1, 0).GetLocal ());
+          dsdvHeader.SetDstSeqno (temp2.GetSeqNo ());
+          dsdvHeader.SetHopCount (temp2.GetHop () + 1);
+          NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Adding my update as well to the packet");
+          packet->AddHeader (dsdvHeader);
+          // Send to all-hosts broadcast if on /32 addr, subnet-directed otherwise
+          Ipv4Address destination;
+          if (iface.GetMask () == Ipv4Mask::GetOnes ())
+            {
+              destination = Ipv4Address ("255.255.255.255");
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              destination = iface.GetBroadcast ();
+            }
+          socket->SendTo (packet, 0, InetSocketAddress (destination, DSDV_PORT));
+          NS_LOG_FUNCTION ("Sent Triggered Update from "
+                           << dsdvHeader.GetDst ()
+                           << " with packet id : " << packet->GetUid () << " and packet Size: " << packet->GetSize ());
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          NS_LOG_FUNCTION ("Update not sent as there are no updates to be triggered");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::SendPeriodicUpdate ()
+{
+  std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry> removedAddresses, allRoutes;
+  m_routingTable.Purge (removedAddresses);
+  MergeTriggerPeriodicUpdates ();
+  m_routingTable.GetListOfAllRoutes (allRoutes);
+  if (allRoutes.size () < 0)
+    {
+      return;
+    }
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (m_mainAddress << " is sending out its periodic update");
+  for (std::map<Ptr<Socket>, Ipv4InterfaceAddress>::const_iterator j = m_socketAddresses.begin (); j
+       != m_socketAddresses.end (); ++j)
+    {
+      Ptr<Socket> socket = j->first;
+      Ipv4InterfaceAddress iface = j->second;
+      Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet> ();
+      for (std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry>::const_iterator i = allRoutes.begin (); i != allRoutes.end (); ++i)
+        {
+          DsdvHeader dsdvHeader;
+          if (i->second.GetHop () == 0)
+            {
+              RoutingTableEntry ownEntry;
+              dsdvHeader.SetDst (m_ipv4->GetAddress (1,0).GetLocal ());
+              dsdvHeader.SetDstSeqno (i->second.GetSeqNo () + 2);
+              dsdvHeader.SetHopCount (i->second.GetHop () + 1);
+              m_routingTable.LookupRoute (m_ipv4->GetAddress (1,0).GetBroadcast (),ownEntry);
+              ownEntry.SetSeqNo (dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno ());
+              m_routingTable.Update (ownEntry);
+              packet->AddHeader (dsdvHeader);
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              dsdvHeader.SetDst (i->second.GetDestination ());
+              dsdvHeader.SetDstSeqno ((i->second.GetSeqNo ()));
+              dsdvHeader.SetHopCount (i->second.GetHop () + 1);
+              packet->AddHeader (dsdvHeader);
+            }
+          NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Forwarding the update for " << i->first);
+          NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Forwarding details are, Destination: " << dsdvHeader.GetDst ()
+                                                                << ", SeqNo:" << dsdvHeader.GetDstSeqno ()
+                                                                << ", HopCount:" << dsdvHeader.GetHopCount ()
+                                                                << ", LifeTime: " << i->second.GetLifeTime ().GetSeconds ());
+        }
+      for (std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry>::const_iterator rmItr = removedAddresses.begin (); rmItr
+           != removedAddresses.end (); ++rmItr)
+        {
+          DsdvHeader removedHeader;
+          removedHeader.SetDst (rmItr->second.GetDestination ());
+          removedHeader.SetDstSeqno (rmItr->second.GetSeqNo () + 1);
+          removedHeader.SetHopCount (rmItr->second.GetHop () + 1);
+          packet->AddHeader (removedHeader);
+          NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Update for removed record is: Destination: " << removedHeader.GetDst ()
+                                                                      << " SeqNo:" << removedHeader.GetDstSeqno ()
+                                                                      << " HopCount:" << removedHeader.GetHopCount ());
+        }
+      socket->Send (packet);
+      // Send to all-hosts broadcast if on /32 addr, subnet-directed otherwise
+      Ipv4Address destination;
+      if (iface.GetMask () == Ipv4Mask::GetOnes ())
+        {
+          destination = Ipv4Address ("255.255.255.255");
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          destination = iface.GetBroadcast ();
+        }
+      socket->SendTo (packet, 0, InetSocketAddress (destination, DSDV_PORT));
+      NS_LOG_FUNCTION ("PeriodicUpdate Packet UID is : " << packet->GetUid ());
+    }
+  m_periodicUpdateTimer.Schedule (m_periodicUpdateInterval + MicroSeconds (25 * UniformVariable ().GetInteger (0,1000)));
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4)
+{
+  NS_ASSERT (ipv4 != 0);
+  NS_ASSERT (m_ipv4 == 0);
+  m_ipv4 = ipv4;
+  // Create lo route. It is asserted that the only one interface up for now is loopback
+  NS_ASSERT (m_ipv4->GetNInterfaces () == 1 && m_ipv4->GetAddress (0, 0).GetLocal () == Ipv4Address ("127.0.0.1"));
+  m_lo = m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (0);
+  NS_ASSERT (m_lo != 0);
+  // Remember lo route
+  RoutingTableEntry rt (
+    /*device=*/ m_lo,  /*dst=*/
+    Ipv4Address::GetLoopback (), /*seqno=*/
+    0,
+    /*iface=*/ Ipv4InterfaceAddress (Ipv4Address::GetLoopback (),Ipv4Mask ("255.0.0.0")),
+    /*hops=*/ 0,  /*next hop=*/
+    Ipv4Address::GetLoopback (),
+    /*lifetime=*/ Simulator::GetMaximumSimulationTime ());
+  rt.SetFlag (INVALID);
+  rt.SetEntriesChanged (false);
+  m_routingTable.AddRoute (rt);
+  Simulator::ScheduleNow (&RoutingProtocol::Start,this);
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t i)
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << m_ipv4->GetAddress (i, 0).GetLocal ()
+                        << " interface is up");
+  Ptr<Ipv4L3Protocol> l3 = m_ipv4->GetObject<Ipv4L3Protocol> ();
+  Ipv4InterfaceAddress iface = l3->GetAddress (i,0);
+  if (iface.GetLocal () == Ipv4Address ("127.0.0.1"))
+    {
+      return;
+    }
+  // Create a socket to listen only on this interface
+  Ptr<Socket> socket = Socket::CreateSocket (GetObject<Node> (),UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
+  NS_ASSERT (socket != 0);
+  socket->SetRecvCallback (MakeCallback (&RoutingProtocol::RecvDsdv,this));
+  socket->BindToNetDevice (l3->GetNetDevice (i));
+  socket->Bind (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), DSDV_PORT));
+  socket->SetAllowBroadcast (true);
+  socket->SetAttribute ("IpTtl",UintegerValue (1));
+  m_socketAddresses.insert (std::make_pair (socket,iface));
+  // Add local broadcast record to the routing table
+  Ptr<NetDevice> dev = m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForAddress (iface.GetLocal ()));
+  RoutingTableEntry rt (/*device=*/ dev, /*dst=*/ iface.GetBroadcast (), /*seqno=*/ 0,/*iface=*/ iface,/*hops=*/ 0,
+                                    /*next hop=*/ iface.GetBroadcast (), /*lifetime=*/ Simulator::GetMaximumSimulationTime ());
+  m_routingTable.AddRoute (rt);
+  if (m_mainAddress == Ipv4Address ())
+    {
+      m_mainAddress = iface.GetLocal ();
+    }
+  NS_ASSERT (m_mainAddress != Ipv4Address ());
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t i)
+{
+  Ptr<Ipv4L3Protocol> l3 = m_ipv4->GetObject<Ipv4L3Protocol> ();
+  Ptr<NetDevice> dev = l3->GetNetDevice (i);
+  Ptr<Socket> socket = FindSocketWithInterfaceAddress (m_ipv4->GetAddress (i,0));
+  NS_ASSERT (socket);
+  socket->Close ();
+  m_socketAddresses.erase (socket);
+  if (m_socketAddresses.empty ())
+    {
+      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("No dsdv interfaces");
+      m_routingTable.Clear ();
+      return;
+    }
+  m_routingTable.DeleteAllRoutesFromInterface (m_ipv4->GetAddress (i,0));
+  m_advRoutingTable.DeleteAllRoutesFromInterface (m_ipv4->GetAddress (i,0));
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t i,
+                                   Ipv4InterfaceAddress address)
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << " interface " << i << " address " << address);
+  Ptr<Ipv4L3Protocol> l3 = m_ipv4->GetObject<Ipv4L3Protocol> ();
+  if (!l3->IsUp (i))
+    {
+      return;
+    }
+  Ipv4InterfaceAddress iface = l3->GetAddress (i,0);
+  Ptr<Socket> socket = FindSocketWithInterfaceAddress (iface);
+  if (!socket)
+    {
+      if (iface.GetLocal () == Ipv4Address ("127.0.0.1"))
+        {
+          return;
+        }
+      Ptr<Socket> socket = Socket::CreateSocket (GetObject<Node> (),UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
+      NS_ASSERT (socket != 0);
+      socket->SetRecvCallback (MakeCallback (&RoutingProtocol::RecvDsdv,this));
+      socket->BindToNetDevice (l3->GetNetDevice (i));
+      // Bind to any IP address so that broadcasts can be received
+      socket->Bind (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), DSDV_PORT));
+      socket->SetAllowBroadcast (true);
+      m_socketAddresses.insert (std::make_pair (socket,iface));
+      Ptr<NetDevice> dev = m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForAddress (iface.GetLocal ()));
+      RoutingTableEntry rt (/*device=*/ dev, /*dst=*/ iface.GetBroadcast (),/*seqno=*/ 0, /*iface=*/ iface,/*hops=*/ 0,
+                                        /*next hop=*/ iface.GetBroadcast (), /*lifetime=*/ Simulator::GetMaximumSimulationTime ());
+      m_routingTable.AddRoute (rt);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t i,
+                                      Ipv4InterfaceAddress address)
+{
+  Ptr<Socket> socket = FindSocketWithInterfaceAddress (address);
+  if (socket)
+    {
+      m_socketAddresses.erase (socket);
+      Ptr<Ipv4L3Protocol> l3 = m_ipv4->GetObject<Ipv4L3Protocol> ();
+      if (l3->GetNAddresses (i))
+        {
+          Ipv4InterfaceAddress iface = l3->GetAddress (i,0);
+          // Create a socket to listen only on this interface
+          Ptr<Socket> socket = Socket::CreateSocket (GetObject<Node> (),UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
+          NS_ASSERT (socket != 0);
+          socket->SetRecvCallback (MakeCallback (&RoutingProtocol::RecvDsdv,this));
+          // Bind to any IP address so that broadcasts can be received
+          socket->Bind (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), DSDV_PORT));
+          socket->SetAllowBroadcast (true);
+          m_socketAddresses.insert (std::make_pair (socket,iface));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Ptr<Socket>
+RoutingProtocol::FindSocketWithInterfaceAddress (Ipv4InterfaceAddress addr) const
+{
+  for (std::map<Ptr<Socket>, Ipv4InterfaceAddress>::const_iterator j = m_socketAddresses.begin (); j
+       != m_socketAddresses.end (); ++j)
+    {
+      Ptr<Socket> socket = j->first;
+      Ipv4InterfaceAddress iface = j->second;
+      if (iface == addr)
+        {
+          return socket;
+        }
+    }
+  Ptr<Socket> socket;
+  return socket;
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::Send (Ptr<Ipv4Route> route,
+                       Ptr<const Packet> packet,
+                       const Ipv4Header & header)
+{
+  Ptr<Ipv4L3Protocol> l3 = m_ipv4->GetObject<Ipv4L3Protocol> ();
+  NS_ASSERT (l3 != 0);
+  Ptr<Packet> p = packet->Copy ();
+  l3->Send (p,route->GetSource (),header.GetDestination (),header.GetProtocol (),route);
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::Drop (Ptr<const Packet> packet,
+                       const Ipv4Header & header,
+                       Socket::SocketErrno err)
+{
+  NS_LOG_DEBUG (m_mainAddress << " drop packet " << packet->GetUid () << " to "
+                              << header.GetDestination () << " from queue. Error " << err);
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::LookForQueuedPackets ()
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
+  Ptr<Ipv4Route> route;
+  std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry> allRoutes;
+  m_routingTable.GetListOfAllRoutes (allRoutes);
+  for (std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry>::const_iterator i = allRoutes.begin (); i != allRoutes.end (); ++i)
+    {
+      RoutingTableEntry rt;
+      rt = i->second;
+      if (m_queue.Find (rt.GetDestination ()))
+        {
+          if (rt.GetHop () == 1)
+            {
+              route = rt.GetRoute ();
+              NS_LOG_LOGIC ("A route exists from " << route->GetSource ()
+                                                   << " to neighboring destination "
+                                                   << route->GetDestination ());
+              NS_ASSERT (route != 0);
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              RoutingTableEntry newrt;
+              m_routingTable.LookupRoute (rt.GetNextHop (),newrt);
+              route = newrt.GetRoute ();
+              NS_LOG_LOGIC ("A route exists from " << route->GetSource ()
+                                                   << " to destination " << route->GetDestination () << " via "
+                                                   << rt.GetNextHop ());
+              NS_ASSERT (route != 0);
+            }
+          SendPacketFromQueue (rt.GetDestination (),route);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::SendPacketFromQueue (Ipv4Address dst,
+                                      Ptr<Ipv4Route> route)
+{
+  NS_LOG_DEBUG (m_mainAddress << " is sending a queued packet to destination " << dst);
+  QueueEntry queueEntry;
+  if (m_queue.Dequeue (dst,queueEntry))
+    {
+      DeferredRouteOutputTag tag;
+      Ptr<Packet> p = ConstCast<Packet> (queueEntry.GetPacket ());
+      if (p->RemovePacketTag (tag))
+        {
+          if (tag.oif != -1 && tag.oif != m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForDevice (route->GetOutputDevice ()))
+            {
+              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Output device doesn't match. Dropped.");
+              return;
+            }
+        }
+      UnicastForwardCallback ucb = queueEntry.GetUnicastForwardCallback ();
+      Ipv4Header header = queueEntry.GetIpv4Header ();
+      header.SetSource (route->GetSource ());
+      header.SetTtl (header.GetTtl () + 1); // compensate extra TTL decrement by fake loopback routing
+      ucb (route,p,header);
+      if (m_queue.GetSize () != 0 && m_queue.Find (dst))
+        {
+          Simulator::Schedule (MilliSeconds (UniformVariable ().GetInteger (0,100)),
+                               &RoutingProtocol::SendPacketFromQueue,this,dst,route);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Time
+RoutingProtocol::GetSettlingTime (Ipv4Address address)
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION ("Calculating the settling time for " << address);
+  RoutingTableEntry mainrt;
+  Time weightedTime;
+  m_routingTable.LookupRoute (address,mainrt);
+  if (EnableWST)
+    {
+      if (mainrt.GetSettlingTime () == Seconds (0))
+        {
+          return Seconds (0);
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Route SettlingTime: " << mainrt.GetSettlingTime ().GetSeconds ()
+                                               << " and LifeTime:" << mainrt.GetLifeTime ().GetSeconds ());
+          weightedTime = (Scalar (m_weightedFactor) * mainrt.GetSettlingTime ()) + (Scalar (1.0 - m_weightedFactor)
+                                                                                    * mainrt.GetLifeTime ());
+          NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Calculated weightedTime:" << weightedTime.GetSeconds ());
+          return weightedTime;
+        }
+    }
+  return mainrt.GetSettlingTime ();
+}
+
+void
+RoutingProtocol::MergeTriggerPeriodicUpdates ()
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION ("Merging advertised table changes with main table before sending out periodic update");
+  std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry> allRoutes;
+  m_advRoutingTable.GetListOfAllRoutes (allRoutes);
+  if (allRoutes.size () > 0)
+    {
+      for (std::map<Ipv4Address, RoutingTableEntry>::const_iterator i = allRoutes.begin (); i != allRoutes.end (); ++i)
+        {
+          RoutingTableEntry advEntry = i->second;
+          if ((advEntry.GetEntriesChanged () == true) && (not m_advRoutingTable.AnyRunningEvent (advEntry.GetDestination ())))
+            {
+              if (!(advEntry.GetSeqNo () % 2))
+                {
+                  advEntry.SetFlag (VALID);
+                  advEntry.SetEntriesChanged (false);
+                  m_routingTable.Update (advEntry);
+                  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Merged update for " << advEntry.GetDestination () << " with main routing Table");
+                }
+              m_advRoutingTable.DeleteRoute (advEntry.GetDestination ());
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Event currently running. Cannot Merge Routing Tables");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+}
+}