/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2010 Egemen K. Cetinkaya, Justin P. Rohrer, and Amit Dandekar
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Author: Egemen K. Cetinkaya <ekc@ittc.ku.edu>
 * Author: Justin P. Rohrer    <rohrej@ittc.ku.edu>
 * Author: Amit Dandekar       <dandekar@ittc.ku.edu>
 *
 * James P.G. Sterbenz <jpgs@ittc.ku.edu>, director
 * ResiliNets Research Group  http://wiki.ittc.ku.edu/resilinets
 * Information and Telecommunication Technology Center 
 * and
 * Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
 * The University of Kansas
 * Lawrence, KS  USA
 *
 * Work supported in part by NSF FIND (Future Internet Design) Program
 * under grant CNS-0626918 (Postmodern Internet Architecture) and 
 * by NSF grant CNS-1050226 (Multilayer Network Resilience Analysis and Experimentation on GENI)
 *
 * This program reads an upper triangular adjacency matrix (e.g. adjacency_matrix.txt) and
 * node coordinates file (e.g. node_coordinates.txt). The program also set-ups a
 * wired network topology with P2P links according to the adjacency matrix with
 * nx(n-1) CBR traffic flows, in which n is the number of nodes in the adjacency matrix.
 */

// ---------- Header Includes -------------------------------------------------
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <time.h>

#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/simulator-module.h"
#include "ns3/node-module.h"
#include "ns3/helper-module.h"
#include "ns3/global-route-manager.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-module.h"
#include "ns3/assert.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-global-routing-helper.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace ns3;

// ---------- Prototypes ------------------------------------------------------

vector<vector<bool> > readNxNMatrix (std::string adj_mat_file_name);
vector<vector<double> > readCordinatesFile (std::string node_coordinates_file_name);
void printCoordinateArray (const char* description, vector<vector<double> > coord_array);
void printMatrix (const char* description, vector<vector<bool> > array);

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("GenericTopologyCreation");

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{

  // ---------- Simulation Variables ------------------------------------------

  // Change the variables and file names only in this block!

  double SimTime        = 3.00;
  double SinkStartTime  = 1.0001;
  double SinkStopTime   = 2.90001;
  double AppStartTime   = 2.0001;
  double AppStopTime    = 2.80001;

  std::string AppPacketRate ("40Kbps");
  Config::SetDefault  ("ns3::OnOffApplication::PacketSize",StringValue ("1000"));
  Config::SetDefault ("ns3::OnOffApplication::DataRate",  StringValue (AppPacketRate));
  std::string LinkRate ("10Mbps");
  std::string LinkDelay ("2ms");
  //  DropTailQueue::MaxPackets affects the # of dropped packets, default value:100
  //  Config::SetDefault ("ns3::DropTailQueue::MaxPackets", UintegerValue (1000));

  srand ( (unsigned)time ( NULL ) );   // generate different seed each time

  std::string tr_name ("n-node-ppp.tr");
  std::string pcap_name ("n-node-ppp");
  std::string flow_name ("n-node-ppp.xml");
  std::string anim_name ("n-node-ppp.anim");

  std::string adj_mat_file_name ("examples/matrix-topology/adjacency_matrix.txt");
  std::string node_coordinates_file_name ("examples/matrix-topology/node_coordinates.txt");

  // ---------- End of Simulation Variables ----------------------------------

  // ---------- Read Adjacency Matrix ----------------------------------------

  vector<vector<bool> > Adj_Matrix;
  Adj_Matrix = readNxNMatrix (adj_mat_file_name);

  // Optionally display 2-dimensional adjacency matrix (Adj_Matrix) array
  // printMatrix (adj_mat_file_name.c_str (),Adj_Matrix);

  // ---------- End of Read Adjacency Matrix ---------------------------------

  // ---------- Read Node Coordinates File -----------------------------------

  vector<vector<double> > coord_array;
  coord_array = readCordinatesFile (node_coordinates_file_name);

  // Optionally display node co-ordinates file
  // printCoordinateArray (node_coordinates_file_name.c_str (),coord_array);

  int n_nodes = coord_array.size ();
  int matrixDimension = Adj_Matrix.size ();

  if (matrixDimension != n_nodes)
    {
      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("The number of lines in coordinate file is: " << n_nodes << " not equal to the number of nodes in adjacency matrix size " << matrixDimension);
    }

  // ---------- End of Read Node Coordinates File ----------------------------

  // ---------- Network Setup ------------------------------------------------

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Create Nodes.");

  NodeContainer nodes;   // Declare nodes objects
  nodes.Create (n_nodes);

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Create P2P Link Attributes.");

  PointToPointHelper p2p;
  p2p.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue (LinkRate));
  p2p.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue (LinkDelay));

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Install Internet Stack to Nodes.");

  InternetStackHelper internet;
  internet.Install (NodeContainer::GetGlobal ());

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Assign Addresses to Nodes.");

  Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4_n;
  ipv4_n.SetBase ("10.0.0.0", "255.255.255.252");

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Create Links Between Nodes.");

  uint32_t linkCount = 0;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < Adj_Matrix.size (); i++)
    {
      for (size_t j = 0; j < Adj_Matrix[i].size (); j++)
        {

          if (Adj_Matrix[i][j] == 1)
            {
              NodeContainer n_links = NodeContainer (nodes.Get (i), nodes.Get (j));
              NetDeviceContainer n_devs = p2p.Install (n_links);
              ipv4_n.Assign (n_devs);
              ipv4_n.NewNetwork ();
              linkCount++;
              NS_LOG_INFO ("matrix element [" << i << "][" << j << "] is 1");
            }
          else
            {
              NS_LOG_INFO ("matrix element [" << i << "][" << j << "] is 0");
            }
        }
    }
  NS_LOG_INFO ("Number of links in the adjacency matrix is: " << linkCount);
  NS_LOG_INFO ("Number of all nodes is: " << nodes.GetN ());

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Initialize Global Routing.");
  Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables ();

  // ---------- End of Network Set-up ----------------------------------------

  // ---------- Allocate Node Positions --------------------------------------

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Allocate Positions to Nodes.");

  MobilityHelper mobility_n;
  Ptr<ListPositionAllocator> positionAlloc_n = CreateObject<ListPositionAllocator> ();

  for (size_t m = 0; m < coord_array.size (); m++)
    {
      positionAlloc_n->Add (Vector (coord_array[m][0], coord_array[m][1], 0));
      Ptr<Node> n0 = nodes.Get (m);
      Ptr<CanvasLocation> nLoc =  n0->GetObject<CanvasLocation> ();
      if (nLoc == 0)
        {
          nLoc = CreateObject<CanvasLocation> ();
          n0->AggregateObject (nLoc);
        }
      // y-coordinates are negated for correct display in NetAnim
      // NetAnim's (0,0) reference coordinates are located on upper left corner
      // by negating the y coordinates, we declare the reference (0,0) coordinate
      // to the bottom left corner
      Vector nVec (coord_array[m][0], -coord_array[m][1], 0);
      nLoc->SetLocation (nVec);

    }
  mobility_n.SetPositionAllocator (positionAlloc_n);
  mobility_n.Install (nodes);

  // ---------- End of Allocate Node Positions -------------------------------

  // ---------- Create n*(n-1) CBR Flows -------------------------------------

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Setup Packet Sinks.");

  uint16_t port = 9;

  for (int i = 0; i < n_nodes; i++)
    {
      PacketSinkHelper sink ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port));
      ApplicationContainer apps_sink = sink.Install (nodes.Get (i));   // sink is installed on all nodes
      apps_sink.Start (Seconds (SinkStartTime));
      apps_sink.Stop (Seconds (SinkStopTime));
    }

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Setup CBR Traffic Sources.");

  for (int i = 0; i < n_nodes; i++)
    {
      for (int j = 0; j < n_nodes; j++)
        {
          if (i != j)
            {

              // We needed to generate a random number (rn) to be used to eliminate
              // the artificial congestion caused by sending the packets at the
              // same time. This rn is added to AppStartTime to have the sources
              // start at different time, however they will still send at the same rate.

              UniformVariable x (0,1);
              double rn = x.GetValue ();
              Ptr<Node> n = nodes.Get (j);
              Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4 = n->GetObject<Ipv4> ();
              Ipv4InterfaceAddress ipv4_int_addr = ipv4->GetAddress (1, 0);
              Ipv4Address ip_addr = ipv4_int_addr.GetLocal ();
              OnOffHelper onoff ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", InetSocketAddress (ip_addr, port)); // traffic flows from node[i] to node[j]
              onoff.SetAttribute ("OnTime", RandomVariableValue (ConstantVariable  (1)));
              onoff.SetAttribute ("OffTime", RandomVariableValue (ConstantVariable (0)));
              ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install (nodes.Get (i));  // traffic sources are installed on all nodes
              apps.Start (Seconds (AppStartTime + rn));
              apps.Stop (Seconds (AppStopTime));
            }
        }
    }

  // ---------- End of Create n*(n-1) CBR Flows ------------------------------

  // ---------- Simulation Monitoring ----------------------------------------

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Configure Tracing.");

  AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
  p2p.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream (tr_name.c_str ()));
  // p2p.EnablePcapAll (pcap_name.c_str());

  // Ptr<FlowMonitor> flowmon;
  // FlowMonitorHelper flowmonHelper;
  // flowmon = flowmonHelper.InstallAll ();

  // Configure animator with default settings

  bool animEnabled = false;
  AnimationInterface anim;
  if (anim.SetServerPort (9) && anim.SetOutputFile (anim_name.c_str ()))
    {  
      NS_LOG_INFO ("Animation Interface Enabled.");
      animEnabled = true;
      anim.StartAnimation ();
    }

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Run Simulation.");

  Simulator::Stop (Seconds (SimTime));
  Simulator::Run ();
  // flowmon->SerializeToXmlFile (flow_name.c_str(), true, true);
  if (animEnabled)
    {
      anim.StopAnimation ();
    }
  Simulator::Destroy ();

  // ---------- End of Simulation Monitoring ---------------------------------

  return 0;

}

// ---------- Function Definitions -------------------------------------------

vector<vector<bool> > readNxNMatrix (std::string adj_mat_file_name)
{
  ifstream adj_mat_file;
  adj_mat_file.open (adj_mat_file_name.c_str (), ios::in);
  if (adj_mat_file.fail ())
    {
      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("File " << adj_mat_file_name.c_str () << " not found");
    }
  vector<vector<bool> > array;
  int i = 0;
  int n_nodes = 0;

  while (!adj_mat_file.eof ())
    {
      string line;
      getline (adj_mat_file, line);
      if (line == "")
        {
          NS_LOG_WARN ("WARNING: Ignoring blank row in the array: " << i);
          break;
        }

      istringstream iss (line);
      bool element;
      vector<bool> row;
      int j = 0;

      while (iss >> element)
        {
          row.push_back (element);
          j++;
        }

      if (i == 0)
        {
          n_nodes = j;
        }

      if (j != n_nodes )
        {
          NS_LOG_ERROR ("ERROR: Number of elements in line " << i << ": " << j << " not equal to number of elements in line 0: " << n_nodes);
          NS_FATAL_ERROR ("ERROR: The number of rows is not equal to the number of columns! in the adjacency matrix");
        }
      else
        {
          array.push_back (row);
        }
      i++;
    }

  if (i != n_nodes)
    {
      NS_LOG_ERROR ("There are " << i << " rows and " << n_nodes << " columns.");
      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("ERROR: The number of rows is not equal to the number of columns! in the adjacency matrix");
    }

  adj_mat_file.close ();
  return array;

}

vector<vector<double> > readCordinatesFile (std::string node_coordinates_file_name)
{
  ifstream node_coordinates_file;
  node_coordinates_file.open (node_coordinates_file_name.c_str (), ios::in);
  if (node_coordinates_file.fail ())
    {
      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("File " << node_coordinates_file_name.c_str () << " not found");
    }
  vector<vector<double> > coord_array;
  int m = 0;

  while (!node_coordinates_file.eof ())
    {
      string line;
      getline (node_coordinates_file, line);

      if (line == "")
        {
          NS_LOG_WARN ("WARNING: Ignoring blank row: " << m);
          break;
        }

      istringstream iss (line);
      double coordinate;
      vector<double> row;
      int n = 0;
      while (iss >> coordinate)
        {
          row.push_back (coordinate);
          n++;
        }

      if (n != 2)
        {
          NS_LOG_ERROR ("ERROR: Number of elements at line#" << m << " is "  << n << " which is not equal to 2 for node coordinates file");
          exit (1);
        }

      else
        {
          coord_array.push_back (row);
        }
      m++;
    }
  node_coordinates_file.close ();
  return coord_array;

}

void printMatrix (const char* description, vector<vector<bool> > array)
{
  cout << "**** Start " << description << "********" << endl;
  for (size_t m = 0; m < array.size (); m++)
    {
      for (size_t n = 0; n < array[m].size (); n++)
        {
          cout << array[m][n] << ' ';
        }
      cout << endl;
    }
  cout << "**** End " << description << "********" << endl;

}

void printCoordinateArray (const char* description, vector<vector<double> > coord_array)
{
  cout << "**** Start " << description << "********" << endl;
  for (size_t m = 0; m < coord_array.size (); m++)
    {
      for (size_t n = 0; n < coord_array[m].size (); n++)
        {
          cout << coord_array[m][n] << ' ';
        }
      cout << endl;
    }
  cout << "**** End " << description << "********" << endl;

}

// ---------- End of Function Definitions ------------------------------------
