/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */

/*

 * Copyright (c) 2008 University of Washington

 *

 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation;

 *

 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

 * GNU General Public License for more details.

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

 */

#include "emu-net-device.h"

#include "emu-encode-decode.h"

#include "ns3/log.h"

#include "ns3/queue.h"

#include "ns3/simulator.h"

#include "ns3/realtime-simulator-impl.h"

#include "ns3/mac48-address.h"

#include "ns3/ethernet-header.h"

#include "ns3/ethernet-trailer.h"

#include "ns3/llc-snap-header.h"

#include "ns3/trace-source-accessor.h"

#include "ns3/pointer.h"

#include "ns3/channel.h"

#include "ns3/system-thread.h"

#include "ns3/string.h"

#include "ns3/boolean.h"

#include <sys/wait.h>

#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <sys/socket.h>

#include <sys/un.h>

#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <net/ethernet.h>

#include <net/if.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>

#include <netpacket/packet.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <limits>

#include <stdlib.h>

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("EmuNetDevice");

namespace ns3 {

NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED (EmuNetDevice);

#define EMU_MAGIC 65867

TypeId 

EmuNetDevice::GetTypeId (void)

{

  static TypeId tid = TypeId ("ns3::EmuNetDevice")

    .SetParent<NetDevice> ()

    .AddConstructor<EmuNetDevice> ()

    .AddAttribute ("Address", 

                   "The ns-3 MAC address of this (virtual) device.",

                   Mac48AddressValue (Mac48Address ("ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")),

                   MakeMac48AddressAccessor (&EmuNetDevice::m_address),

                   MakeMac48AddressChecker ())

    .AddAttribute ("DeviceName", 

                   "The name of the underlying real device (e.g. eth1).",

                   StringValue ("eth1"),

                   MakeStringAccessor (&EmuNetDevice::m_deviceName),

                   MakeStringChecker ())

    .AddAttribute ("Start", 

                   "The simulation time at which to spin up the device thread.",

                   TimeValue (Seconds (0.)),

                   MakeTimeAccessor (&EmuNetDevice::m_tStart),

                   MakeTimeChecker ())

    .AddAttribute ("Stop", 

                   "The simulation time at which to tear down the device thread.",

                   TimeValue (Seconds (0.)),

                   MakeTimeAccessor (&EmuNetDevice::m_tStop),

                   MakeTimeChecker ())

    .AddAttribute ("TxQueue", 

                   "A queue to use as the transmit queue in the device.",

                   PointerValue (),

                   MakePointerAccessor (&EmuNetDevice::m_queue),

                   MakePointerChecker<Queue> ())

    .AddTraceSource ("Rx", 

                     "Trace source to fire on reception of a MAC packet.",

                     MakeTraceSourceAccessor (&EmuNetDevice::m_rxTrace))

    .AddTraceSource ("Drop", 

                     "Trace source to fire on when a MAC packet is dropped.",

                     MakeTraceSourceAccessor (&EmuNetDevice::m_dropTrace))

    ;

  return tid;

}

EmuNetDevice::EmuNetDevice () 

: 

  m_startEvent (),

  m_stopEvent (),

  m_sock (-1),

  m_readThread (0),

  m_ifIndex (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max ()),  // absurdly large value

  m_sll_ifindex (-1),

  m_name ("Emu NetDevice")

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);

  Start (m_tStart);

}

EmuNetDevice::~EmuNetDevice ()

{

}

void 

EmuNetDevice::DoDispose()

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS ();

  m_node = 0;

  NetDevice::DoDispose ();

}

void

EmuNetDevice::Start (Time tStart)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (tStart);

  //

  // Cancel any pending start event and schedule a new one at some relative time in the future.

  //

  Simulator::Cancel (m_startEvent);

  m_startEvent = Simulator::Schedule (tStart, &EmuNetDevice::StartDevice, this);

}

  void

EmuNetDevice::Stop (Time tStop)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (tStop);

  //

  // Cancel any pending stop event and schedule a new one at some relative time in the future.

  //

  Simulator::Cancel (m_stopEvent);

  m_startEvent = Simulator::Schedule (tStop, &EmuNetDevice::StopDevice, this);

}

  void

EmuNetDevice::StartDevice (void)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS ();

  //

  // Spin up the emu net device and start receiving packets.

  //

  if (m_sock != -1)

    {

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::StartDevice(): Device is already started");

    }

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Creating socket");

  //

  // Call out to a separate process running as suid root in order to get a raw 

  // socket.  We do this to avoid having the entire simulation running as root.

  // If this method returns, we'll have a raw socket waiting for us in m_sock.

  //

  CreateSocket ();

  //

  // Figure out which interface index corresponds to the device name in the corresponding attribute.

  //

  struct ifreq ifr;

  bzero (&ifr, sizeof(ifr));

  strncpy ((char *)ifr.ifr_name, m_deviceName.c_str (), IFNAMSIZ);

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Getting interface index");

  int32_t rc = ioctl (m_sock, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr);

  if (rc == -1)

    {

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::StartDevice(): Can't get interface index");

    }

  //

  // Save the real interface index for later calls to sendto

  //

  m_sll_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;

  //

  // Bind the socket to the interface we just found.

  //

  struct sockaddr_ll ll;

  bzero (&ll, sizeof(ll));

  ll.sll_family = AF_PACKET;

  ll.sll_ifindex = m_sll_ifindex;

  ll.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_ALL); 

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Binding socket to interface");

  rc = bind (m_sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ll, sizeof (ll));

  if (rc == -1)

    {

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::StartDevice(): Can't bind to specified interface");

    }

  rc = ioctl(m_sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr);

  if (rc == -1)

    {

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::StartDevice(): Can't get interface flags");

    }

  //

  // This device only works if the underlying interface is up in promiscuous 

  // mode.  We could have turned it on in the socket creator, but the situation

  // is that we expect these devices to be used in conjunction with virtual 

  // machines with connected host-only (simulated) networks, or in a testbed.

  // There is a lot of setup and configuration happening outside of this one 

  // issue, and we expect that configuration to include choosing a valid

  // interface (e.g, "ath1"), ensuring that the device supports promiscuous 

  // mode, and placing it in promiscuous mode.  We just make sure of the

  // end result.

  //

  if ((ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_PROMISC) == 0)

    {

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::StartDevice(): " << m_deviceName << " is not in promiscuous mode");

    }

  //

  // Now spin up a read thread to read packets.

  //

  if (m_readThread != 0)

    {

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::StartDevice(): Receive thread is already running");

    }

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Spinning up read thread");

  m_readThread = Create<SystemThread> (MakeCallback (&EmuNetDevice::ReadThread, this));

  m_readThread->Start ();

  NotifyLinkUp ();

}

void

EmuNetDevice::CreateSocket (void)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS ();

  //

  // We want to create a raw socket for our net device.  Unfortunately for us

  // you have to have root privileges to do that.  Instead of running the 

  // entire simulation as root, we decided to make a small program who's whole

  // reason for being is to run as suid root and create a raw socket.  We're

  // going to fork and exec that program soon, but we need to have a socket

  // to talk to it with.  So we create a local interprocess (Unix) socket 

  // for that purpose.

  //

  int sock = socket (PF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

  if (sock == -1)

    {

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::CreateSocket(): Unix socket creation error, errno = " << strerror (errno));

    }

  //

  // Bind to that socket and let the kernel allocate an endpoint

  //

  struct sockaddr_un un;

  memset (&un, 0, sizeof (un));

  un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;

  int status = bind (sock, (struct sockaddr*)&un, sizeof (sa_family_t));

  if (status == -1)

    {

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::CreateSocket(): Could not bind(): errno = " << strerror (errno));

    }

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Created Unix socket");

  NS_LOG_INFO ("sun_family = " << un.sun_family);

  NS_LOG_INFO ("sun_path = " << un.sun_path);

  //

  // We have a socket here, but we want to get it there -- to the program we're

  // going to exec.  What we'll do is to do a getsockname and then encode the

  // resulting address information as a string, and then send the string to the

  // program as an argument.  So we need to get the sock name.

  //

  socklen_t len = sizeof (un);

  status = getsockname (sock, (struct sockaddr*)&un, &len);

  if (status == -1)

    {

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::CreateSocket(): Could not getsockname(): errno = " << strerror (errno));

    }

  //

  // Now encode that socket name (family and path) as a string of hex digits

  //

  std::string path = EmuBufferToString((uint8_t *)&un, len);

  NS_LOG_INFO ("Encoded Unix socket as \"" << path << "\"");

  //

  // Fork and exec the process to create our socket.  If we're us (the parent)

  // we wait for the child (the socket creator) to complete and read the 

  // socket it created using the ancillary data mechanism.

  //

  pid_t pid = ::fork ();

  if (pid == 0)

    {

      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Child process");

      //

      // build a command line argument from the encoded endpoint string that 

      // the socket creation process will use to figure out how to respond to

      // the (now) parent process.

      //

      std::ostringstream oss;

      oss << "-p" << path;

      NS_LOG_INFO ("Parameters set to \"" << oss.str () << "\"");

      //

      // Execute the socket creation process image.

      //

      status = ::execl (FindCreator ().c_str (), "emu-sock-creator", oss.str ().c_str (), (char *)NULL);

      //

      // If the execl successfully completes, it never returns.  If it returns it failed or the OS is

      // broken.  In either case, we bail.

      //

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::CreateSocket(): Back from execl(), errno = " << ::strerror (errno));

    }

  else

    {

      NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Parent process");

      //

      // We're the process running the emu net device.  We need to wait for the

      // socket creator process to finish its job.

      //

      int st;

      pid_t waited = waitpid (pid, &st, 0);

      if (waited == -1)

	{

	  NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::CreateSocket(): waitpid() fails, errno = " << strerror (errno));

	}

      NS_ASSERT_MSG (pid == waited, "EmuNetDevice::CreateSocket(): pid mismatch");

      //

      // Check to see if the socket creator exited normally and then take a 

      // look at the exit code.  If it bailed, so should we.  If it didn't

      // even exit normally, we bail too.

      //

      if (WIFEXITED (st))

	{

          int exitStatus = WEXITSTATUS (st);

          if (exitStatus != 0)

            {

              NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::CreateSocket(): socket creator exited normally with status " << exitStatus);

            }

	}

      else 

	{

          NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::CreateSocket(): socket creator exited abnormally");

	}

      //

      // At this point, the socket creator has run successfully and should 

      // have created our raw socket and sent it back to the socket address

      // we provided.  Our socket should be waiting on the Unix socket.  We've

      // got to do a bunch of grunto work to get at it, though.

      //

      // The struct iovec below is part of a scatter-gather list.  It describes a

      // buffer.  In this case, it describes a buffer (an integer) that will

      // get the data that comes back from the socket creator process.  It will

      // be a magic number that we use as a consistency/sanity check.

      // 

      struct iovec iov;

      uint32_t magic;

      iov.iov_base = &magic;

      iov.iov_len = sizeof(magic);

      //

      // The CMSG macros you'll see below are used to create and access control 

      // messages (which is another name for ancillary data).  The ancillary 

      // data is made up of pairs of struct cmsghdr structures and associated

      // data arrays.

      //

      // First, we're going to allocate a buffer on the stack to receive our 

      // data array (that contains the socket).  Sometimes you'll see this called

      // an "ancillary element" but the msghdr uses the control message termimology

      // so we call it "control."

      //

      size_t msg_size = sizeof(int);

      char control[CMSG_SPACE(msg_size)];

      //

      // There is a msghdr that is used to minimize the number of parameters

      // passed to recvmsg (which we will use to receive our ancillary data).  

      // This structure uses terminology corresponding to control messages, so

      // you'll see msg_control, which is the pointer to the ancillary data and 

      // controllen which is the size of the ancillary data array.

      //

      // So, initialize the message header that describes the ancillary/control

      // data we expect to receive and point it to buffer.

      //

      struct msghdr msg;

      msg.msg_name = 0;

      msg.msg_namelen = 0;

      msg.msg_iov = &iov;

      msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

      msg.msg_control = control;

      msg.msg_controllen = sizeof (control);

      msg.msg_flags = 0;

      //

      // Now we can actually receive the interesting bits from the socket

      // creator process.

      //

      ssize_t bytesRead = recvmsg (sock, &msg, 0);

      if (bytesRead != sizeof(int))

	{

          NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::CreateSocket(): Wrong byte count from socket creator");

	}

      //

      // There may be a number of message headers/ancillary data arrays coming in.

      // Let's look for the one with a type SCM_RIGHTS which indicates it' the

      // one we're interested in.

      //

      struct cmsghdr *cmsg;

      for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cmsg != NULL; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) 

	{

	  if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&

	      cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)

	    {

              //

              // This is the type of message we want.  Check to see if the magic 

              // number is correct and then pull out the socket we care about if

              // it matches

              //

              if (magic == EMU_MAGIC)

                {

                  NS_LOG_INFO ("Got SCM_RIGHTS with correct magic " << magic);

                  int *rawSocket = (int*)CMSG_DATA (cmsg);

                  NS_LOG_INFO ("Got the socket from the socket creator = " << *rawSocket);

                  m_sock = *rawSocket;

                  return;

                }

              else

                {

                  NS_LOG_INFO ("Got SCM_RIGHTS, but with bad magic " << magic);                  

                }

	    }

	}

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("Did not get the raw socket from the socket creator");

    }

}

std::string

EmuNetDevice::FindCreator (void)

{

  struct stat st;

  std::string debug = "./build/debug/src/devices/emu/emu-sock-creator";

  std::string optimized = "./build/optimized/src/devices/emu/emu-sock-creator";

  if (::stat (debug.c_str (), &st) == 0)

    {

      return debug;

    }

  if (::stat (optimized.c_str (), &st) == 0)

    {

      return optimized;

    }

  NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::FindCreator(): Couldn't find creator");

  return ""; // quiet compiler

}

void

EmuNetDevice::StopDevice (void)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS ();

  close (m_sock);

  m_sock = -1;

  NS_ASSERT_MSG (m_readThread != 0, "EmuNetDevice::StopDevice(): Receive thread is not running");

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Joining read thread");

  m_readThread->Join ();

  m_readThread = 0;

}

void

EmuNetDevice::ForwardUp (uint8_t *buf, uint32_t len)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (buf << len);

  //

  // Create a packet out of the buffer we received and free that buffer.

  //

  Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet> (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *> (buf), len);

  free (buf);

  buf = 0;

  //

  // Trace sinks will expect complete packets, not packets without some of the

  // headers.

  //

  Ptr<Packet> originalPacket = packet->Copy ();

  //

  // Checksum the packet

  //

  EthernetTrailer trailer;

  packet->RemoveTrailer (trailer);

  trailer.CheckFcs (packet);

  EthernetHeader header (false);

  packet->RemoveHeader (header);

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Pkt source is " << header.GetSource ());

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Pkt destination is " << header.GetDestination ());

  LlcSnapHeader llc;

  packet->RemoveHeader (llc);

  uint16_t protocol = llc.GetType ();

  PacketType packetType;

  if (header.GetDestination ().IsBroadcast ())

    {

      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Pkt destination is PACKET_BROADCAST");

      packetType = NS3_PACKET_BROADCAST;

    }

  else if (header.GetDestination ().IsMulticast ())

    {

      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Pkt destination is PACKET_MULTICAST");

      packetType = NS3_PACKET_MULTICAST;

    }

  else if (header.GetDestination () == m_address)

    {

      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Pkt destination is PACKET_HOST");

      packetType = NS3_PACKET_HOST;

    }

  else

    {

      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Pkt destination is PACKET_OTHERHOST");

      packetType = NS3_PACKET_OTHERHOST;

    }

  if (!m_promiscRxCallback.IsNull ())

    {

      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("calling m_promiscRxCallback");

      m_promiscRxCallback (this, packet->Copy (), protocol, header.GetSource (), header.GetDestination (), packetType);

    }

  if (packetType != NS3_PACKET_OTHERHOST)

    {

      m_rxTrace (originalPacket);

      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("calling m_rxCallback");

      m_rxCallback (this, packet, protocol, header.GetSource ());

    }

}

void

EmuNetDevice::ReadThread (void)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS ();

  //

  // It's important to remember that we're in a completely different thread than the simulator is running in.  We

  // need to synchronize with that other thread to get the packet up into ns-3.  What we will need to do is to schedule 

  // a method to forward up the packet using the multithreaded simulator we are most certainly running.  However, I just 

  // said it -- we are talking about two threads here, so it is very, very dangerous to do any kind of reference couning

  // on a shared object.  Just don't do it.  So what we're going to do is to allocate a buffer on the heap and pass that

  // buffer into the ns-3 context thread where it will create the packet.

  //

  int32_t len = -1;

  struct sockaddr_ll addr;

  socklen_t addrSize = sizeof (addr);

  for (;;) 

    {

      uint32_t bufferSize = 65536;

      uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)malloc (bufferSize);

      if (buf == 0)

        {

          NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::ReadThread(): malloc packet buffer failed");

        }

      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Calling recvfrom");

      len = recvfrom (m_sock, buf, bufferSize, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addrSize);

      if (len == -1)

        {

          free (buf);

          buf = 0;

          return;

        }

      NS_LOG_INFO ("EmuNetDevice::ReadThread(): Received packet");

      NS_LOG_INFO ("EmuNetDevice::ReadThread(): Scheduling handler");

      DynamicCast<RealtimeSimulatorImpl> (Simulator::GetImplementation ())->ScheduleRealtimeNow (

        MakeEvent (&EmuNetDevice::ForwardUp, this, buf, len));

      buf = 0;

    }

}

bool 

EmuNetDevice::Send (Ptr<Packet> packet, const Address &dest, uint16_t protocolNumber)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (packet << dest << protocolNumber);

  //

  // The immediate questions here are how are we going to encapsulate packets and what do we use as the MAC source and 

  // destination (hardware) addresses?

  //

  // If we return false from EmuNetDevice::NeedsArp, the ArpIpv4Interface will pass the broadcast address as the 

  // hardware (Ethernet) destination by default.  If we return true from EmuNetDevice::NeedsArp, then the hardware

  // destination is actually meaningful, but we'll have an ns-3 ARP running on this device.  There can also be an ARP

  // running on the underlying OS so we have to be very careful, both about multiple ARPs and also about TCP, UDP, etc.

  //

  // We are operating in promiscuous mode on the receive side (all ns-3 net devices are required to implement the 

  // promiscuous callback in a meaningful way), so we have an option regarding the hardware addresses.  We don't actually have

  // to use the real hardware addresses and IP addresses of the underlying system.  We can completely use MAC-spoofing to

  // fake out the OS by using the ns-3 assigned MAC address (and also the ns-3 assigned IP addresses).  Ns-3 starts its 

  // MAC address allocation using the OUI (vendor-code) 00:00:00 which is unassigned to any organization and is a globally

  // administered address, so there shouldn't be any collisions with real hardware.

  //

  // So what we do is we return true from EmuNetDevice::NeedsArp which tells ns-3 to use its own ARP.  We spoof the 

  // MAC address of the device and use promiscuous mode to receive traffic destined to that address.

  //

  return SendFrom (packet, m_address, dest, protocolNumber);

}

bool 

EmuNetDevice::SendFrom (Ptr<Packet> packet, const Address &src, const Address &dest, uint16_t protocolNumber)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (packet << src << dest << protocolNumber);

  if (IsLinkUp () == false)

    {

      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Link is down, returning");

      return false;

    }

  Mac48Address destination = Mac48Address::ConvertFrom (dest);

  Mac48Address source = Mac48Address::ConvertFrom (src);

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Transmit packet with UID " << packet->GetUid ());

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Transmit packet from " << source);

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Transmit packet to " << destination);

#if 0

  {

    struct ifreq ifr;

    bzero (&ifr, sizeof(ifr));

    strncpy ((char *)ifr.ifr_name, m_deviceName.c_str (), IFNAMSIZ);

    NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Getting MAC address");

    int32_t rc = ioctl (m_sock, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr);

    if (rc == -1)

      {

        NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::SendFrom(): Can't get MAC address");

      }

    std::ostringstream oss;

    oss << std::hex <<

      (ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[0] & 0xff) << ":" <<

      (ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[1] & 0xff) << ":" <<

      (ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[2] & 0xff) << ":" <<

      (ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[3] & 0xff) << ":" <<

      (ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[4] & 0xff) << ":" <<

      (ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[5] & 0xff) << std::dec;

    NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Fixup source to HW MAC " << oss.str ());

    source = Mac48Address (oss.str ().c_str ());

    NS_LOG_LOGIC ("source now " << source);

  }

#endif

  LlcSnapHeader llc;

  llc.SetType (protocolNumber);

  packet->AddHeader (llc);

  EthernetHeader header (false);

  header.SetSource (source);

  header.SetDestination (destination);

  header.SetLengthType (packet->GetSize ());

  packet->AddHeader (header);

  EthernetTrailer trailer;

  trailer.CalcFcs (packet);

  packet->AddTrailer (trailer);

  // 

  // Enqueue and dequeue the packet to hit the tracing hooks.

  //

  m_queue->Enqueue (packet);

  packet = m_queue->Dequeue ();

  struct sockaddr_ll ll;

  bzero (&ll, sizeof (ll));

  ll.sll_family = AF_PACKET;

  ll.sll_ifindex = m_sll_ifindex;

  ll.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_ALL); 

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("calling sendto");

  int32_t rc;

  rc = sendto (m_sock, packet->PeekData (), packet->GetSize (), 0, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *> (&ll), sizeof (ll));

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("sendto returns " << rc);

  return rc == -1 ? false : true;

}

void 

EmuNetDevice::SetDataRate(DataRate bps)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << bps);

  NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::SetDataRate():  Unable."); 

}

void

EmuNetDevice::SetQueue (Ptr<Queue> q)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << q);

  m_queue = q;

}

Ptr<Queue> 

EmuNetDevice::GetQueue(void) const 

{ 

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS ();

  return m_queue;

}

void

EmuNetDevice::NotifyLinkUp (void)

{

  m_linkUp = true;

  if (!m_linkChangeCallback.IsNull ())

    {

      m_linkChangeCallback ();

    }

}

void 

EmuNetDevice::SetName(const std::string name)

{

  m_name = name;

}

std::string 

EmuNetDevice::GetName(void) const

{

  return m_name;

}

void 

EmuNetDevice::SetIfIndex(const uint32_t index)

{

  m_ifIndex = index;

}

uint32_t 

EmuNetDevice::GetIfIndex(void) const

{

  return m_ifIndex;

}

Ptr<Channel> 

EmuNetDevice::GetChannel (void) const

{

  NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::GetChannel():  Unable."); 

  return 0;

}

void 

EmuNetDevice::SetAddress (Mac48Address addr)

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (addr);

  m_address = addr;

}

Address 

EmuNetDevice::GetAddress (void) const

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS ();

  return m_address;

}

bool 

EmuNetDevice::SetMtu (const uint16_t mtu)

{

  NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::SetMtu():  Unable."); 

  return false;

}

uint16_t 

EmuNetDevice::GetMtu (void) const

{

  struct ifreq ifr;

  bzero (&ifr, sizeof (ifr));

  strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, m_deviceName.c_str ());

  int32_t fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP);

  int32_t rc = ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFMTU, &ifr);

  if (rc == -1)

    {

      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::GetMtu(): Can't ioctl SIOCGIFMTU");

    }

  close (fd);

  return ifr.ifr_mtu;

}

bool 

EmuNetDevice::IsLinkUp (void) const

{

  return m_linkUp;

}

void 

EmuNetDevice::SetLinkChangeCallback (Callback<void> callback)

{

  m_linkChangeCallback = callback;

}

bool 

EmuNetDevice::IsBroadcast (void) const

{

  return true;

}

Address

EmuNetDevice::GetBroadcast (void) const

{

  return Mac48Address ("ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff");

}

bool 

EmuNetDevice::IsMulticast (void) const

{

  return false;

}

  Address 

EmuNetDevice::GetMulticast (Ipv4Address multicastGroup) const

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (multicastGroup);

  Mac48Address ad = Mac48Address::GetMulticast (multicastGroup);

  //

  // Implicit conversion (operator Address ()) is defined for Mac48Address, so

  // use it by just returning the EUI-48 address which is automagically converted

  // to an Address.

  //

  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("multicast address is " << ad);

  return ad;

}

Address

EmuNetDevice::GetMulticast (Ipv6Address addr) const

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << addr);

  Mac48Address ad = Mac48Address::GetMulticast (addr);

  NS_LOG_LOGIC("MAC IPv6 multicast address is " << ad);

  return ad;

}

bool 

EmuNetDevice::IsPointToPoint (void) const

{

  return false;

}

void

EmuNetDevice::SetPromiscReceiveCallback (PromiscReceiveCallback cb)

{

  NS_FATAL_ERROR ("EmuNetDevice::SetPromiscReceiveCallback(): Not implemented");

}

  bool 

EmuNetDevice::SupportsSendFrom () const

{

  NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS ();

  return true;

}

Ptr<Node> 

EmuNetDevice::GetNode (void) const

{

  return m_node;

}

void 

EmuNetDevice::SetNode (Ptr<Node> node)

{

  m_node = node;

}

bool 

EmuNetDevice::NeedsArp (void) const

{

  return true;

}

void 

EmuNetDevice::SetReceiveCallback (NetDevice::ReceiveCallback cb)

{

  m_rxCallback = cb;

}

} // namespace ns3